CANFITPRO LATEST 2026 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS MARKED A+
✔✔Lower crossed syndrome presents..? - ✔✔Short and tight iliopsoas, rectus femoris
and lumbar erectors
✔✔Upper crossed syndrome presents..? - ✔✔Short and tight pectorals,upper traps and
levator scapula.
✔✔Resting heart rate should be less than ? And blood pressure should be lower than ?
To conduct any passive or dynamic assessment or physical fitness testing - ✔✔Resting
heart rate should be less than 100 bpm, blood pressure should be lower than 140/100
✔✔What three components are involved in the spinal stabilization system - ✔✔Control
subsystem,passive subsystem, active subsystem
✔✔Provide examples of the three classifications of joints - ✔✔Fibrous- head/forearm
Cartilaginous- between ribs/sternum,between vertebrae
Synovial-shoulder/elbow
✔✔The cellular benefits of cardio respiratory conditioning include - ✔✔Increase in the
number & size of mitochondria, improved blood delivery, increased capillary density
✔✔The three components of periodization are? - ✔✔Microcycle, mesocycle,macrocycle
✔✔The energy used or created from all metabolic processes is called..? - ✔✔ATP
(adenosine triphosphate)
✔✔Define cardio respiratory capacity abbreviated as VO2 Max - ✔✔The max amount of
oxygen the body can extract and use in the process of energy production
✔✔State two other terms for abduction and adduction - ✔✔Protraction (abduction) and
retraction (adduction)
✔✔What is the amount of blood that the heart ejects in one minute? - ✔✔Cardiac output
(Q)
✔✔List and describe the three types of muscle tissue - ✔✔Skeletal-attached to bones
single long cylindrical cells with banded appearance
Cardiac-walls of the heart branched chains of cylindrical cells with bands/striations
Smooth-walls of the hollow organs, irregular shaped thin cells with no bands/striations
✔✔Describe the difference between the terms aerobic and anaerobic - ✔✔Aerobic -
meaning it requires oxygen
, Anaerobic-meaning it does not require oxygen
✔✔The aerobic energy system Is fuelled by ? And produces up to ? ATP per unit of fuel
- ✔✔Glucose and fat / 100 or more
✔✔Define supine and identify the opposite meaning - ✔✔Supine- lying face upwards
Prone-Lying face down
✔✔Define supination and identify the opposite term - ✔✔Supination-Rotating of the
forearm/hand so that the palm faces forward or upward also corresponding movement
of the foot and leg in which foot rolls outward with an elevated arch (external movement
away from the midline)*
Pronation-(internal movement or movement towards midline)*turning the forarm towards
body so palm is downwards/upwards
✔✔Skeletal muscle is composed of many muscle fibres that are made up of myofibrils,
myofibrils contain protein filaments called ?&? - ✔✔Actin and myosin
✔✔List the two primary muscle fibre types and state which/when they are used -
✔✔Fast twitch- for hard/short duration workouts
Slow twitch- for moderate/long duration workouts
✔✔What are the four elements of a successful program design? (SEEE)* -
✔✔Successful, effective, enjoyable, efficient
✔✔Why is the overhead squat test one key dynamic assessment that the PTS should
have clients perform? - ✔✔This movement relates to functional activities such as
crawling,running,jumping and it is relevant to activities that require mobility of
extremities and a stable posture. success in this test directly correlates to a clients
ability to use triple extension and flexion movement patterns.
✔✔Name the three most common types of Synovial joints referred to in fitness -
✔✔Hinge, condyloid, ball and socket
✔✔The value 3.5 ML/KG/min represent the volume of oxygen consumed? - ✔✔At rest
✔✔Define anterior and identify the opposite term - ✔✔Anterior-Near the front/situated in
the front of the body
Posterior-meaning towards the back or situated near the back
✔✔Explain the steps you can take to maintain a quality professional image - ✔✔Dress
appropriately, always present yourself in a professional manner, when you were training
a client; they should be your only focus no side convos, no phone etc, all energy
focussed on your client, giving consistent feedback and encouragement based on how
ANSWERS MARKED A+
✔✔Lower crossed syndrome presents..? - ✔✔Short and tight iliopsoas, rectus femoris
and lumbar erectors
✔✔Upper crossed syndrome presents..? - ✔✔Short and tight pectorals,upper traps and
levator scapula.
✔✔Resting heart rate should be less than ? And blood pressure should be lower than ?
To conduct any passive or dynamic assessment or physical fitness testing - ✔✔Resting
heart rate should be less than 100 bpm, blood pressure should be lower than 140/100
✔✔What three components are involved in the spinal stabilization system - ✔✔Control
subsystem,passive subsystem, active subsystem
✔✔Provide examples of the three classifications of joints - ✔✔Fibrous- head/forearm
Cartilaginous- between ribs/sternum,between vertebrae
Synovial-shoulder/elbow
✔✔The cellular benefits of cardio respiratory conditioning include - ✔✔Increase in the
number & size of mitochondria, improved blood delivery, increased capillary density
✔✔The three components of periodization are? - ✔✔Microcycle, mesocycle,macrocycle
✔✔The energy used or created from all metabolic processes is called..? - ✔✔ATP
(adenosine triphosphate)
✔✔Define cardio respiratory capacity abbreviated as VO2 Max - ✔✔The max amount of
oxygen the body can extract and use in the process of energy production
✔✔State two other terms for abduction and adduction - ✔✔Protraction (abduction) and
retraction (adduction)
✔✔What is the amount of blood that the heart ejects in one minute? - ✔✔Cardiac output
(Q)
✔✔List and describe the three types of muscle tissue - ✔✔Skeletal-attached to bones
single long cylindrical cells with banded appearance
Cardiac-walls of the heart branched chains of cylindrical cells with bands/striations
Smooth-walls of the hollow organs, irregular shaped thin cells with no bands/striations
✔✔Describe the difference between the terms aerobic and anaerobic - ✔✔Aerobic -
meaning it requires oxygen
, Anaerobic-meaning it does not require oxygen
✔✔The aerobic energy system Is fuelled by ? And produces up to ? ATP per unit of fuel
- ✔✔Glucose and fat / 100 or more
✔✔Define supine and identify the opposite meaning - ✔✔Supine- lying face upwards
Prone-Lying face down
✔✔Define supination and identify the opposite term - ✔✔Supination-Rotating of the
forearm/hand so that the palm faces forward or upward also corresponding movement
of the foot and leg in which foot rolls outward with an elevated arch (external movement
away from the midline)*
Pronation-(internal movement or movement towards midline)*turning the forarm towards
body so palm is downwards/upwards
✔✔Skeletal muscle is composed of many muscle fibres that are made up of myofibrils,
myofibrils contain protein filaments called ?&? - ✔✔Actin and myosin
✔✔List the two primary muscle fibre types and state which/when they are used -
✔✔Fast twitch- for hard/short duration workouts
Slow twitch- for moderate/long duration workouts
✔✔What are the four elements of a successful program design? (SEEE)* -
✔✔Successful, effective, enjoyable, efficient
✔✔Why is the overhead squat test one key dynamic assessment that the PTS should
have clients perform? - ✔✔This movement relates to functional activities such as
crawling,running,jumping and it is relevant to activities that require mobility of
extremities and a stable posture. success in this test directly correlates to a clients
ability to use triple extension and flexion movement patterns.
✔✔Name the three most common types of Synovial joints referred to in fitness -
✔✔Hinge, condyloid, ball and socket
✔✔The value 3.5 ML/KG/min represent the volume of oxygen consumed? - ✔✔At rest
✔✔Define anterior and identify the opposite term - ✔✔Anterior-Near the front/situated in
the front of the body
Posterior-meaning towards the back or situated near the back
✔✔Explain the steps you can take to maintain a quality professional image - ✔✔Dress
appropriately, always present yourself in a professional manner, when you were training
a client; they should be your only focus no side convos, no phone etc, all energy
focussed on your client, giving consistent feedback and encouragement based on how
