Managing population growth The demographic transition model
• Contraception (condoms, birth control pills and Stages
intrauterine devices) prevent pregnancies.
• . • Stage 1 - high stationary phase:
o BR and DR are high – lack of birth control and
Malthusian theory on lots of disease.
population growth o Total population is low.
o Slight changes in population are due to war,
• If overpopulation occurs, resources run out. famine and disease.
• Populations increase with an increase in available
resources. • Stage 2 – early expanding phase:
• Factors controlling population – birth control, o BR is high, but IMR and DR start to drop.
war, poverty, disease and famine. C3: Population o LE and total population increase – population
•
Sample
. explosion.
growth
• Stage 3 – late expanding phase:
Are there limits to o DR stabilises at a low level and BR drops.
o Total population levels out and population
Summaries after sample
population growth?
•
•
Option 1: limits to growth – resources are finite.
Option 2: no limits to growth - population can •
growth decreases.
Stage 4 – low stationary phase:
o BR and DR stabilise at low levels.
continue to grow with technology improvements.
• Option 3: share resources equally - the Northern o Total population is stationary.
Hemisphere must help the Southern Hemisphere o If BR drops below DR, NI becomes negative –
become more developed and reduce the pressure population decreases.
on resources. Overpopulation and Earth’s
resources
• Earth has limited space and resources – limited carrying
capacity.
• Sustainable development is required to ensure resources
are used in a way that ensures the community’s survival.
GR10 GEO T3-T4 Mind Map Focus Copyright © www.summariessa.co.za (DO NOT COPY)
,Temporary and permanent population movements
Kinds of migration
• Migrant workers – people who migrate for work.
• Refugees – when political migrants are forced to migrate. • International migration – moving across country
borders.
• Emigration – moving out of your home country to
Attitudes to migrants another country.
• Immigration – moving into a new country.
• Xenophobia – strong, unreasonable dislike/fear of • Regional migration – moving within a region.
people from other countries. • Rural-urban migration – moving from a rural area
• Reasons for illegal migration – expensive of legal to a city.
migration; don’t have a passport or have been • Urbanisation – the result of rural-urban migration.
rejected when applying for a work visa. C4: • Urban-rural migration – moving from cities to rural
• Problems which immigrants face - adapt to a new areas.
Population
culture and language and are discriminated •
Sample
Semi-permanent migration – moving for a certain
against. movements period of time.
Summaries after sample The ‘push-pull’ model of
migration
Causes and effects of
population movements
Causes
• Push factors of rural areas - no money, no jobs,
poor education and no electricity. • Economic reasons – to find a job with better pay.
• Pull factors of urban areas – better jobs, services, • Political reasons – avoid political
education and infrastructure. oppression/conflict.
• Religious reasons – to escape religious persecution.
• Social reasons – to be with other family
Effects members/friends.
• Health reasons – to live in a cleaner, safer,
• Rural depopulation. healthier environment.
• The high cost of city living, stress, pollution and • Quality of life – to receive better services.
congestion push people to rural areas. • Security reasons – to avoid crime.
• Technological advancements make it possible
for people to work remotely from rural places.
GR10 GEO T3-T4 Mind Map Focus Copyright © www.summariessa.co.za (DO NOT COPY)
,Sample
Summaries after sample
• Contraception (condoms, birth control pills and Stages
intrauterine devices) prevent pregnancies.
• . • Stage 1 - high stationary phase:
o BR and DR are high – lack of birth control and
Malthusian theory on lots of disease.
population growth o Total population is low.
o Slight changes in population are due to war,
• If overpopulation occurs, resources run out. famine and disease.
• Populations increase with an increase in available
resources. • Stage 2 – early expanding phase:
• Factors controlling population – birth control, o BR is high, but IMR and DR start to drop.
war, poverty, disease and famine. C3: Population o LE and total population increase – population
•
Sample
. explosion.
growth
• Stage 3 – late expanding phase:
Are there limits to o DR stabilises at a low level and BR drops.
o Total population levels out and population
Summaries after sample
population growth?
•
•
Option 1: limits to growth – resources are finite.
Option 2: no limits to growth - population can •
growth decreases.
Stage 4 – low stationary phase:
o BR and DR stabilise at low levels.
continue to grow with technology improvements.
• Option 3: share resources equally - the Northern o Total population is stationary.
Hemisphere must help the Southern Hemisphere o If BR drops below DR, NI becomes negative –
become more developed and reduce the pressure population decreases.
on resources. Overpopulation and Earth’s
resources
• Earth has limited space and resources – limited carrying
capacity.
• Sustainable development is required to ensure resources
are used in a way that ensures the community’s survival.
GR10 GEO T3-T4 Mind Map Focus Copyright © www.summariessa.co.za (DO NOT COPY)
,Temporary and permanent population movements
Kinds of migration
• Migrant workers – people who migrate for work.
• Refugees – when political migrants are forced to migrate. • International migration – moving across country
borders.
• Emigration – moving out of your home country to
Attitudes to migrants another country.
• Immigration – moving into a new country.
• Xenophobia – strong, unreasonable dislike/fear of • Regional migration – moving within a region.
people from other countries. • Rural-urban migration – moving from a rural area
• Reasons for illegal migration – expensive of legal to a city.
migration; don’t have a passport or have been • Urbanisation – the result of rural-urban migration.
rejected when applying for a work visa. C4: • Urban-rural migration – moving from cities to rural
• Problems which immigrants face - adapt to a new areas.
Population
culture and language and are discriminated •
Sample
Semi-permanent migration – moving for a certain
against. movements period of time.
Summaries after sample The ‘push-pull’ model of
migration
Causes and effects of
population movements
Causes
• Push factors of rural areas - no money, no jobs,
poor education and no electricity. • Economic reasons – to find a job with better pay.
• Pull factors of urban areas – better jobs, services, • Political reasons – avoid political
education and infrastructure. oppression/conflict.
• Religious reasons – to escape religious persecution.
• Social reasons – to be with other family
Effects members/friends.
• Health reasons – to live in a cleaner, safer,
• Rural depopulation. healthier environment.
• The high cost of city living, stress, pollution and • Quality of life – to receive better services.
congestion push people to rural areas. • Security reasons – to avoid crime.
• Technological advancements make it possible
for people to work remotely from rural places.
GR10 GEO T3-T4 Mind Map Focus Copyright © www.summariessa.co.za (DO NOT COPY)
,Sample
Summaries after sample
