Page 1 of 57
HISTORY
Grade 12
2025
September and November
PAPER 2
This document has been compiled using the following previous papers: SACAI 2022– PREPARATORY EXAMINATION
PAPER 2, NSC NOVEMBER: HISTORY P2 | 2021, NSC_ NW/September 2023
NOTE: These are only suggested answers/ information that come directly from the memorandums.
There are more possible answers. PARAGRAPH QUESTIONS AND ESSAY QUESTIONS must be
answered in paragraphs and correct formats during the examination.
Good luck: Juffrou Ansie
CONTENT:
1. THE CRISIS OF APARTHEID IN THE 1980'S 2
HOW DID THE UNITED DEMOCRATIC FRONT (UDF) CHALLENGE PW BOTHA'S
REFORMS IN THE 1980’s? 6
THE TRUTH AND RECONCILIATION COMMISSION 11
2. THE END OF THE COLD WAR AND A NEW ORDER 15
HOW DID GLOBALIZATION CHANGE THE WORLD AFTER THE COLD WAR? 20
HOW HAS SOUTH AFRICA'S CLOTHING AND TEXTILE INDUSTRY BEEN AFFECTED
BY GLOBALISM? 25
CIVIL RESISTANCE, 1970s TO 1980s: SOUTH AFRICA 30
3. THE COMING OF DEMOCRACY TO SOUTH AFRICA AND THE ACCEPTANCE OF
THE PAST. 34
HOW DID THE TRUTH AND RECONCILIATION COMMISSION (TRC) HANDLE THE
ASSASSINATION OF POLITICAL ACTIVIST CHRIS HANI? 40
4. ESSAY QUESTIONS 44
• THE CHALLENGE OF BLACK CONSCIOUSNESS TO THE APARTHEID STATE. 44
@Juffrou_Ansie
, Page 2 of 57
• "The fall of the Soviet Union in 1989 had a significant impact on South Africa's
political future." 47
• Assess whether the breakup of the Soviet Union led to the transformation of the
political nature of Eastern Europe in the 1980s and the 1990s. 48
• Explain to what extent Mikhail Gorbachev's policies of Perestroika and Glasnost
were directly responsible for the political changes that took place in South Africa
from the late 1980s to 1994. 50
• Critically discuss the role and impact of the Black Consciousness Movement
against Apartheid in South Africa between the mid-1960s and the late 1970s. 52
• THE COMING OF DEMOCRACY TO SOUTH AFRICA AND THE ACCEPTANCE OF THE
PAST. 54
• THE COMING OF DEMOCRACY TO SOUTH AFRICA AND THE ACCEPTANCE OF THE
PAST. 55
• Critically discuss how the philosophy of Black Consciousness influenced the
Soweto uprising of 1976. 56
THE CRISIS OF APARTHEID IN THE 1980'S
Source 1A
The content of this article is taken from the book A Crime Against Humanity - Analysing the Repression
of the Apartheid State edited by Max Coleman, (Cape Town)SACAI TERM 3 - TASK 6.2 – PREPARATORY EXAMINATION PAPER 2
@Juffrou_Ansie
, Page 3 of 57
The ruling political party of South Africa and their president when the 'Total Strategy' policy was in
force:
• The National Party led by PW Botha
How the apartheid government used the context of the Cold War to gain international support.
• By using the threat of "total onslaught" and portraying it as political intervention by the Soviet
Union, the apartheid government hoped to gain support from the opposing superpower
(America and the West) to support them in managing the growing resistance. of anti-apartheid
movements.
The irony (contradiction) of the doctrine of total strategy.
• The doctrine of total strategy is implemented in a way that portrays the apartheid government
as being on the side of Western democracy, but in reality, this government was implementing
laws that are the complete opposite of a democracy, as they are only in the interest of the 13%
of the population while the other 87% of the population is oppressed.
Source 1B
@Juffrou_Ansie
, Page 4 of 57
Why the "total assault" policy requires militarisation
• The government needed a strong military to deal with the threat of the "total onslaught".
Expenditure due to the militarisation as required by the policy of "total assault".
• White service
• Ammunition manufacturing
• Production of an atomic device
How did the way homelands were granted "independence" contribute to the economic crisis in the
1980s in South Africa?
• There was no effective control over their expenditure. As a result, the South African government
found itself having to pour billions of rand into subsidising corrupt and inefficient home country
governments.
Source 1C
@Juffrou_Ansie
HISTORY
Grade 12
2025
September and November
PAPER 2
This document has been compiled using the following previous papers: SACAI 2022– PREPARATORY EXAMINATION
PAPER 2, NSC NOVEMBER: HISTORY P2 | 2021, NSC_ NW/September 2023
NOTE: These are only suggested answers/ information that come directly from the memorandums.
There are more possible answers. PARAGRAPH QUESTIONS AND ESSAY QUESTIONS must be
answered in paragraphs and correct formats during the examination.
Good luck: Juffrou Ansie
CONTENT:
1. THE CRISIS OF APARTHEID IN THE 1980'S 2
HOW DID THE UNITED DEMOCRATIC FRONT (UDF) CHALLENGE PW BOTHA'S
REFORMS IN THE 1980’s? 6
THE TRUTH AND RECONCILIATION COMMISSION 11
2. THE END OF THE COLD WAR AND A NEW ORDER 15
HOW DID GLOBALIZATION CHANGE THE WORLD AFTER THE COLD WAR? 20
HOW HAS SOUTH AFRICA'S CLOTHING AND TEXTILE INDUSTRY BEEN AFFECTED
BY GLOBALISM? 25
CIVIL RESISTANCE, 1970s TO 1980s: SOUTH AFRICA 30
3. THE COMING OF DEMOCRACY TO SOUTH AFRICA AND THE ACCEPTANCE OF
THE PAST. 34
HOW DID THE TRUTH AND RECONCILIATION COMMISSION (TRC) HANDLE THE
ASSASSINATION OF POLITICAL ACTIVIST CHRIS HANI? 40
4. ESSAY QUESTIONS 44
• THE CHALLENGE OF BLACK CONSCIOUSNESS TO THE APARTHEID STATE. 44
@Juffrou_Ansie
, Page 2 of 57
• "The fall of the Soviet Union in 1989 had a significant impact on South Africa's
political future." 47
• Assess whether the breakup of the Soviet Union led to the transformation of the
political nature of Eastern Europe in the 1980s and the 1990s. 48
• Explain to what extent Mikhail Gorbachev's policies of Perestroika and Glasnost
were directly responsible for the political changes that took place in South Africa
from the late 1980s to 1994. 50
• Critically discuss the role and impact of the Black Consciousness Movement
against Apartheid in South Africa between the mid-1960s and the late 1970s. 52
• THE COMING OF DEMOCRACY TO SOUTH AFRICA AND THE ACCEPTANCE OF THE
PAST. 54
• THE COMING OF DEMOCRACY TO SOUTH AFRICA AND THE ACCEPTANCE OF THE
PAST. 55
• Critically discuss how the philosophy of Black Consciousness influenced the
Soweto uprising of 1976. 56
THE CRISIS OF APARTHEID IN THE 1980'S
Source 1A
The content of this article is taken from the book A Crime Against Humanity - Analysing the Repression
of the Apartheid State edited by Max Coleman, (Cape Town)SACAI TERM 3 - TASK 6.2 – PREPARATORY EXAMINATION PAPER 2
@Juffrou_Ansie
, Page 3 of 57
The ruling political party of South Africa and their president when the 'Total Strategy' policy was in
force:
• The National Party led by PW Botha
How the apartheid government used the context of the Cold War to gain international support.
• By using the threat of "total onslaught" and portraying it as political intervention by the Soviet
Union, the apartheid government hoped to gain support from the opposing superpower
(America and the West) to support them in managing the growing resistance. of anti-apartheid
movements.
The irony (contradiction) of the doctrine of total strategy.
• The doctrine of total strategy is implemented in a way that portrays the apartheid government
as being on the side of Western democracy, but in reality, this government was implementing
laws that are the complete opposite of a democracy, as they are only in the interest of the 13%
of the population while the other 87% of the population is oppressed.
Source 1B
@Juffrou_Ansie
, Page 4 of 57
Why the "total assault" policy requires militarisation
• The government needed a strong military to deal with the threat of the "total onslaught".
Expenditure due to the militarisation as required by the policy of "total assault".
• White service
• Ammunition manufacturing
• Production of an atomic device
How did the way homelands were granted "independence" contribute to the economic crisis in the
1980s in South Africa?
• There was no effective control over their expenditure. As a result, the South African government
found itself having to pour billions of rand into subsidising corrupt and inefficient home country
governments.
Source 1C
@Juffrou_Ansie
