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WGU D236 Pathophysiology OA Questions and Answers 2025/ 2026|Complete Guide GRADED A+

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WGUD236pathophysiology OA
Questions and Answers
2025/2026 | Complete Guide
GRADED A+

, WGU D236 pathophysiology OA Exam Study Guide 2025/2026
Questions and Answers Graded A+

WhatKisKStarling'sKLawKofKCapillaryKforces?

HowKdoesKthisKexplainKwhyKaKnutritionallyKdeficientKchildKwouldKhaveKedema?

-

☑☑Starling'sKLawKdescribesKhowKfluidsKmoveKacrossKtheKcapillaryKmembrane.KThereKareKtwoKmajorKo
K

pposingKforcesKthatKactKtoKbalanceKeachKother,KhydrostaticKpressureK(pushingKwaterKoutKofKtheKcapillari

es)KandKosmoticKpressureK(includingKonconticKpressure,KwhichKpushesKfluidKintoKtheKcapillaries).

BothKelectrolytesKandKproteinsK(onconticKpressure)KinKtheKbloodKaffectKosmoticKpressure,Khig

hKelectrolyteKandKproteinKconcentrationsKinKtheKbloodKwouldKcauseKwaterKtoKleaveKtheKcellsKa

ndKinterstitialKspaceKandKenterKtheKbloodKstreamKtoKdiluteKtheKhighKconcentrations.

On,KtheKotherKhand,KlowKelectrolyteKandKproteinKconcentrationsK(asKseenKinKaKnutritionallyKdeficientKchil

d)KwouldKcauseKwaterKtoKleaveKtheKcapillariesKandKenterKtheKcellsKandKinterstitialKfluidKwhichKcanKleadKto

K edema.

HowKdoesKtheKRAASK(Renin-Angiotensin-

AldosteroneKSystem)KresultKinKincreasedKbloodKvolumeKandKincreasedKbloodKpressure?

-

☑☑AKdropKinKbloodKpressureKisKsensedKbyKtheKkidneysKbyKlowKperfusion,KwhichKinKturnKbeginsKtoKsecr
K

eteKrenin.

,ReninKthenKtriggersKtheKliverKtoKproduceKangiotensinogen,KwhichKisKconvertedKtoKAngiotensinKIKinKtheKlu

ngsKandKthenKangiotensinKIIKbyKtheKenzyme

Angiotensin-

convertingKenzymeK(ACE).KAngiotensinKIIKstimulatesKperipheralKarterialKvasoconstrictionKwhichKraisesKB

P.

AngiotensinKIIKisKalsoKstimulatingKtheKadrenalKglandKtoKreleaseKaldosterone,KwhichKactsKtoKincreaseKsodi

umKandKwaterKreabsorptionKincreasingKbloodKvolume,KwhileKalsoKincreasedKpotassiumKsecretionKinKurin

e.

HowKcanKhyperkalemiaKleadKtoKcardiacKarrest?

-

☑☑NormalKlevelsKofKpotassiumKareKbetweenK3.5KandK5.2KmEq/dL.KHyperkalemiaKrefersKtoKpotassiu
K

mKlevelsKhigherKthatK5.2KmEq/dL.

AKmajorKfunctionKofKpotassiumKisKtoKconductKnerveKimpulsesKinKmuscles.KTooKlowKandKmuscleKweaknessK

occursKandKtooKmuchKcanKcauseKmuscleKspasms.

ThisKisKespeciallyKdangerousKinKtheKheartKmuscleKandKanKirregularKheartbeatKcanKcauseKaKheartKattack

, TheKbodyKusesKtheKProteinKBufferingKSystem,KPhosphateKBufferingKSystem,KandKCarbonicKAcid-

K BicarbonateKSystemKtoKregulateKandKmaintainKhomeostaticKpH,KwhatKisKtheKconsequenceKofKaKpHKimbal

ance

- ☑☑ProteinsKcontainKmanyKacidicKandKbasicKgroupKthatKcanKbeKaffectedKbyKpHKchanges.KAnyKincreas

eKorKdecreaseKinKbloodKpHKcanKalterKtheKstructureKofKtheKproteinK(denature),KtherebyKaffectingKitsKfuncti

onKasKwell

DescribeKtheKlaboratoryKfindingsKassociatedKwithKmetabolicKacidosis,KmetabolicKalkalosis,KrespiratoryKac

idosisKandKrespiratoryKalkalosis.K(ieKrelativeKpHKandKCO2Klevels).

- ☑☑NormalKABGsK(ArterialKBloodKGases)KBloodKpH:K7.35-7.45KPCO2:K35-45KmmKHgKPO2:K90-

100KmmKHgKHCO3-:K22-26KmEq/LKSaO2:K95-100%

RespiratoryKacidosisKandKalkalosisKareKmarkedKbyKchangesKinKPCO2.KHigherK=KacidosisKandKlowerK=Kalkalo

sis

MetabolicKacidosisKandKalkalosisKareKcausedKbyKsomethingKotherKthanKabnormalKCO2Klevels.KThisKcouldKi

ncludeKtoxicity,Kdiabetes,KrenalKfailureKorKexcessiveKGIKlosses.

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