IRM4723
Assignment 3 2025
, Assignment 3
Question 1
1.1 The Three Levels of Management in an Organisation
In most organisations, management is structured into three levels, each with distinct
responsibilities and decision-making roles:
• Top-Level Management (Strategic Level)
This level includes executives such as the Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Managing
Director, and other senior executives. Their primary role is strategic decision-making
setting long-term goals, formulating organisational policies, and overseeing the overall
direction of the business. They are also responsible for ensuring the company remains
competitive and complies with legal and ethical standards.
• Middle-Level Management (Tactical Level)
This level consists of department heads, regional managers, and division leaders. Their
function is to translate strategic objectives into specific plans and departmental goals.
They coordinate the work of lower-level managers and ensure that their teams are
aligned with the organisation’s broader vision. They also report progress and challenges
to top management.
• Lower-Level Management (Operational Level)
Often referred to as first-line or supervisory management, this level includes
supervisors, team leaders, and forepersons. Their main role is to oversee day-to-day
activities, manage individual employee performance, and ensure tasks are completed
efficiently. They are in close contact with workers and are responsible for implementing
plans developed by middle management.
1.2 Top-Level Management (Strategic Level) – Decision Support from a DBMS
At the top (strategic) level, decision-makers require a broad overview of the
organisation’s performance, trends, and future direction. A Database Management
System (DBMS) supports strategic decision-making in the following ways:
Assignment 3 2025
, Assignment 3
Question 1
1.1 The Three Levels of Management in an Organisation
In most organisations, management is structured into three levels, each with distinct
responsibilities and decision-making roles:
• Top-Level Management (Strategic Level)
This level includes executives such as the Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Managing
Director, and other senior executives. Their primary role is strategic decision-making
setting long-term goals, formulating organisational policies, and overseeing the overall
direction of the business. They are also responsible for ensuring the company remains
competitive and complies with legal and ethical standards.
• Middle-Level Management (Tactical Level)
This level consists of department heads, regional managers, and division leaders. Their
function is to translate strategic objectives into specific plans and departmental goals.
They coordinate the work of lower-level managers and ensure that their teams are
aligned with the organisation’s broader vision. They also report progress and challenges
to top management.
• Lower-Level Management (Operational Level)
Often referred to as first-line or supervisory management, this level includes
supervisors, team leaders, and forepersons. Their main role is to oversee day-to-day
activities, manage individual employee performance, and ensure tasks are completed
efficiently. They are in close contact with workers and are responsible for implementing
plans developed by middle management.
1.2 Top-Level Management (Strategic Level) – Decision Support from a DBMS
At the top (strategic) level, decision-makers require a broad overview of the
organisation’s performance, trends, and future direction. A Database Management
System (DBMS) supports strategic decision-making in the following ways:
