The Handmaids Tale: Chapter 4-6
Summary: Chapter 4
As she leaves the house to go shopping, Offred notices Nick, a Guardian of the Faith,
washing the Commander’s car. Nick lives above the garage. He winks at Offred—an offense
against decorum— but she ignores him, fearing that he may be an Eye, a spy assigned to test
her. She waits at the corner for Ofglen, another Handmaid with whom Offred will do her
shopping. The Handmaids always travel in pairs when outside.
Ofglen arrives, and they exchange greetings, careful not to say anything that isn’t strictly
orthodox. Ofglen says that she has heard the war is going well, and that the army recently
defeated a group of Baptist rebels. “Praise be,” Offred responds. They reach a checkpoint
manned by two young Guardians. The Guardians serve as a routine police force and do
menial labour. They are men too young, too old, or just generally unfit for the army. Young
Guardians, such as these, can be dangerous because they are frequently more fanatical or
nervous than older guards. These young Guardians recently shot a Martha as she fumbled for
her pass, because they thought she was a man in disguise carrying a bomb. Offred heard Rita
and Cora talking about the shooting. Rita was angry, but Cora seemed to accept the shooting
as the price one pays for safety.
At the checkpoint, Offred subtly flirts with one of the Guardians by making eye contact,
cherishing this small infraction against the rules. She considers how sex-starved the young
men must be, since they cannot marry without permission, masturbation is a sin, and
pornographic magazines and films are now forbidden. The Guardians can only hope to
become Angels, when they will be allowed to take a wife and perhaps eventually get a
Handmaid. This marks the first time in the novel we hear the word “Handmaid” used.
Summary: Chapter 5
In town, Ofglen and Offred wait in line at the shops. We learn the name of this new society:
“The Republic of Gilead.” Offred remembers the pre-Gilead days, when women were not
protected: they had to keep their doors closed to strangers and ignore catcalls on the street.
Now no one whistles at women as they walk; no one touches them or talks to them. She
, remembers Aunt Lydia explaining that more than one kind of freedom exists, and that “[i]n
the days of anarchy, it was freedom to. Now you are being given freedom from.”
The women shop at stores known by names like All Flesh and Milk and Honey. Pictures of
meat or fruit mark the stores, rather than lettered signs, because “they decided that even the
names of shops were too much temptation for us.” A Handmaid in the late stages of
pregnancy enters the store and raises a flurry of excitement. Offred recognizes her from the
Red Center. She used to be known as Janine, and she was one of Aunt Lydia’s favourites.
Now her name is Ofwarren. Offred senses that Janine went shopping just so she could show
off her pregnancy.
Offred thinks of her husband, Luke, and their daughter, and the life they led before Gilead
existed. She remembers a prosaic detail from their everyday life together: she used to store
plastic shopping bags under the sink, which annoyed Luke, who worried that their daughter
would get one of the bags caught over her head. She remembers feeling guilty for her
carelessness.
Offred and Ofglen finish their shopping and go out to the sidewalk, where they encounter a
group of Japanese tourists and their interpreter. The tourists want to take a photograph, but
Offred says no. Many of the interpreters are Eyes, and Handmaids must not appear immodest.
Offred and Ofglen marvel at the women’s exposed legs, high heels, and polished toenails.
The tourists ask if they are happy, and since Ofglen does not answer, Offred replies that they
are very happy.
Summary: Chapter 6
As they return from shopping, Ofglen suggests they take the long way and pass by the
church. It is an old building, decorated inside with paintings of what seem to be Puritans from
the colonial era. Now the former church is kept as a museum. Offred describes a nearby
boathouse, old dormitories, a football stadium, and red brick sidewalks. Atwood implies that
Offred is walking across what used to be the campus of Harvard University.
Across the street from the church sits the Wall, where the authorities hang the bodies of
executed criminals as examples to the rest of the Republic of Gilead. The authorities cover
the men’s heads with bags. One of the bags looks painted with a red smile where the blood
Summary: Chapter 4
As she leaves the house to go shopping, Offred notices Nick, a Guardian of the Faith,
washing the Commander’s car. Nick lives above the garage. He winks at Offred—an offense
against decorum— but she ignores him, fearing that he may be an Eye, a spy assigned to test
her. She waits at the corner for Ofglen, another Handmaid with whom Offred will do her
shopping. The Handmaids always travel in pairs when outside.
Ofglen arrives, and they exchange greetings, careful not to say anything that isn’t strictly
orthodox. Ofglen says that she has heard the war is going well, and that the army recently
defeated a group of Baptist rebels. “Praise be,” Offred responds. They reach a checkpoint
manned by two young Guardians. The Guardians serve as a routine police force and do
menial labour. They are men too young, too old, or just generally unfit for the army. Young
Guardians, such as these, can be dangerous because they are frequently more fanatical or
nervous than older guards. These young Guardians recently shot a Martha as she fumbled for
her pass, because they thought she was a man in disguise carrying a bomb. Offred heard Rita
and Cora talking about the shooting. Rita was angry, but Cora seemed to accept the shooting
as the price one pays for safety.
At the checkpoint, Offred subtly flirts with one of the Guardians by making eye contact,
cherishing this small infraction against the rules. She considers how sex-starved the young
men must be, since they cannot marry without permission, masturbation is a sin, and
pornographic magazines and films are now forbidden. The Guardians can only hope to
become Angels, when they will be allowed to take a wife and perhaps eventually get a
Handmaid. This marks the first time in the novel we hear the word “Handmaid” used.
Summary: Chapter 5
In town, Ofglen and Offred wait in line at the shops. We learn the name of this new society:
“The Republic of Gilead.” Offred remembers the pre-Gilead days, when women were not
protected: they had to keep their doors closed to strangers and ignore catcalls on the street.
Now no one whistles at women as they walk; no one touches them or talks to them. She
, remembers Aunt Lydia explaining that more than one kind of freedom exists, and that “[i]n
the days of anarchy, it was freedom to. Now you are being given freedom from.”
The women shop at stores known by names like All Flesh and Milk and Honey. Pictures of
meat or fruit mark the stores, rather than lettered signs, because “they decided that even the
names of shops were too much temptation for us.” A Handmaid in the late stages of
pregnancy enters the store and raises a flurry of excitement. Offred recognizes her from the
Red Center. She used to be known as Janine, and she was one of Aunt Lydia’s favourites.
Now her name is Ofwarren. Offred senses that Janine went shopping just so she could show
off her pregnancy.
Offred thinks of her husband, Luke, and their daughter, and the life they led before Gilead
existed. She remembers a prosaic detail from their everyday life together: she used to store
plastic shopping bags under the sink, which annoyed Luke, who worried that their daughter
would get one of the bags caught over her head. She remembers feeling guilty for her
carelessness.
Offred and Ofglen finish their shopping and go out to the sidewalk, where they encounter a
group of Japanese tourists and their interpreter. The tourists want to take a photograph, but
Offred says no. Many of the interpreters are Eyes, and Handmaids must not appear immodest.
Offred and Ofglen marvel at the women’s exposed legs, high heels, and polished toenails.
The tourists ask if they are happy, and since Ofglen does not answer, Offred replies that they
are very happy.
Summary: Chapter 6
As they return from shopping, Ofglen suggests they take the long way and pass by the
church. It is an old building, decorated inside with paintings of what seem to be Puritans from
the colonial era. Now the former church is kept as a museum. Offred describes a nearby
boathouse, old dormitories, a football stadium, and red brick sidewalks. Atwood implies that
Offred is walking across what used to be the campus of Harvard University.
Across the street from the church sits the Wall, where the authorities hang the bodies of
executed criminals as examples to the rest of the Republic of Gilead. The authorities cover
the men’s heads with bags. One of the bags looks painted with a red smile where the blood
