1
CONSUMER STUDIES
GRADE 12
Preliminary
Examination
2025
These notes are compiled from old question papers of SACAI 2019, 2020 & 2021, 2023. DBO/November
2023. (EC/SEPTEMBER 2024). Some information is repeated; I want to show you the different ways the
same information is asked. I encourage you to answer the calculation/illustration questions.
For more Juffrou Ansie products, contact
Good luck. Juffrou Ansie
Content
Definitions and Core Concepts...................................................................................................................... 2
Entrepreneurship .......................................................................................................................................... 5
The Consumer ............................................................................................................................................. 16
UNFAIR BUSINESS PRACTICES AND SCAMS............................................................................................. 17
Food & Nutrition ......................................................................................................................................... 21
FOOD ADDITIVES, PRESERVATION METHODS, AND FOOD SAFETY ......................................................... 31
Clothing ....................................................................................................................................................... 35
FASHION AND APPEARANCE IN THE WORLD OF WORK ......................................................................... 39
Housing & Interior....................................................................................................................................... 41
BUYING HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES ......................................................................................................... 46
Municipal services and sustainable consumption of water .................................................................... 49
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, 2
Definitions and Core Concepts
Brand A word, symbol, name or device that someone uses to distinguish
goods from those produced by other manufacturers is known as a
trademark.
Patent A patent is a license that gives someone the exclusive right to
manufacture, use or sell an invention for a certain period of time.
AIDA principle Advertisements for new products should be based on the ABBA
principle. Attention, Interest, Desire, Action.
Retrospective fashion A style of clothing that indicates it is from a previous era. The
Powerhouse Museum's exhibition of the "Nineties to Now" is a good
example of retrospective fashion.
Classic styles Classic styles change little and are timeless through the ages.
Eco modes During the production of these clothes, no harmful chemicals and
bleaching agents are used when the material is dyed.
Diabetes The nutrient and food-related health condition that results from the
body's inability to control glucose levels in the blood is called diabetes.
Systolic blood pressure The pressure when the heart beats while the blood pumps.
Diastolic blood pressure The pressure when the heart rests between heartbeats.
Obesity Abnormal accumulation of body fat.
Bacillary dysentery Common symptoms are moderate stomach pains and diarrhea, with
blood or mucus in the stool.
Tuberculosis A highly contagious disease that usually attacks the lungs.
Bulimia Nervosa A vicious cycle of repeated overeating, followed by behaviours such as
forced vomiting or excessive exercise.
HIV/AIDS A disease of the human immune system caused by the human
immunodeficiency virus.
Gastroenteritis Acute diarrhoea, three or more loose stools, cramps, nausea, bloating.
Vitamin C Vitamin C is one of the essential vitamins that strengthen the immune
system.
Vitamin B The nutrient that will improve the iron absorption of the body
Food additives Chemical substances that are added to food to keep it fresh and/or
that improve the colour, flavour and texture of the product.
Escherichia coli (E-coli) Escherichia coli (E-coli) is a type of bacteria that causes ulcers in the
intestines that make the stool bloody.
Emulsifiers Emulsifiers are ingredients added to food to maintain consistency and
prevent the mixture's ingredients from separating.
Chemical preservatives Chemical preservatives are ingredients that, under certain conditions,
slow down the growth of microorganisms, but do not necessarily
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, 3
destroy them. However, this does not prevent quality decline during
manufacturing and distribution.
Non-renewable energy Fossil fuels such as coal, oil or gas are examples of non-renewable
sources energy sources
Opportunistic infections Infections that occur when the immune system cannot protect the
body against bacteria and viruses.
Peanuts Peanuts are one of the most common causes of allergic reactions.
Email numbers E-numbers are common on food labels across the European Union. E-
numbers indicate ingredients approved by the European Food Safety
Authority.
Provisional tax Taxes that apply to taxpayers with an infrequent income, such as
farmers. The amount is paid in two instalments so that the taxpayer
does not have to pay one large amount at the end of the financial
year.
CPS (Current Payment The tax that an employer deducts from his employees' income and
System) remits to SARS.
Excise duty Also called sin tax. Tax levied on the manufacture and sale of certain
products e.g. alcohol and tobacco products.
Registration costs A one-time amount charged by the bank to register a home loan
account.
Purchase deed A formal, written, legal agreement between the buyer and the seller
that sets out the terms and conditions.
Instalment sale transaction An instalment sale transaction is a transaction where a deposit is paid
and a credit agreement is signed.
Lay buy A small deposit is paid for an item, after which the merchant holds the
item for the customer until the full amount is paid.
Title deed The document that shows the details of ownership and a property
A buyer only owns a house after the Registrar of Deeds has signed the
title deed.
Property tax The buyer is responsible for paying this and is based on the market
value of the property.
Lease An agreement between a property owner and a tenant for the use and
occupancy of a property against the payment of rent.
Rental Housing Act The law governing the relationship between tenants and landlords in
the private rental sector.
Money laundering Concealing the true nature or source of illicit money by moving it
through legitimate business channels.
Exclusion Clause / Indemnity The kind of clause included in contracts that releases a party from any
Clause liability should the agreement not be honoured.
Mortgage Be registered at the deeds office and serve as security for the bank for
the repayment of the home loan.
@Juffrou_Ansie
, 4
Stock skin A group of people who undertake together to pay regular
contributions into a common fund for specific purposes.
Fraud scheme/scam After declining a telephone business offer, money was still deducted
from the consumer's bank account.
Gray goods Goods imported into a country through unofficial or unauthorized
distribution channels.
Pyramid scheme Members receive compensation for recruiting other members rather
than for selling any goods or services.
Cooling off period According to the Consumer Protection Act, 2008 (Act 68 of 2008), a
consumer has five days to cancel a transaction concluded as a result of
direct marketing, without giving a reason or without financial
implications.
Multilevel pyramid scheme Products are sold and salespeople receive a portion of the sales from
a lower level.
Product, price, place, people The marketing strategies required for a successful marketing plan.
and promotion.
Production plan A document that indicates what tasks need to be done to achieve your
goals.
Competitive advantage Unique characteristics that distinguish a product from similar products
produced by other businesses.
Quality control/inspections The inspection process to ensure that products meet the required
standards that have been set.
Sustainable production The production of products in such a way that the natural
environment is protected.
Initial capital The capital initially required to start the business.
Different types of taxes The government's main source of revenue.
The repo rate The repo rate is the interest rate at which commercial banks can
borrow money from the Reserve Bank
A fashion trend A fashion trend is the direction in which a fashion is changing.
Greywater Wastewater that is generated by domestic processes, and that can be
diverted to reduce domestic water consumption.
Exemption clause. Exemption clause is a clause included in contracts that exonerate
(clear) a party from any liability should he or she fail to honour the
agreement or when the agreed product does not serve the purpose
for which it was
acquired.
Counterfeit An illegal copy/replica/fake of an original product
@Juffrou_Ansie
CONSUMER STUDIES
GRADE 12
Preliminary
Examination
2025
These notes are compiled from old question papers of SACAI 2019, 2020 & 2021, 2023. DBO/November
2023. (EC/SEPTEMBER 2024). Some information is repeated; I want to show you the different ways the
same information is asked. I encourage you to answer the calculation/illustration questions.
For more Juffrou Ansie products, contact
Good luck. Juffrou Ansie
Content
Definitions and Core Concepts...................................................................................................................... 2
Entrepreneurship .......................................................................................................................................... 5
The Consumer ............................................................................................................................................. 16
UNFAIR BUSINESS PRACTICES AND SCAMS............................................................................................. 17
Food & Nutrition ......................................................................................................................................... 21
FOOD ADDITIVES, PRESERVATION METHODS, AND FOOD SAFETY ......................................................... 31
Clothing ....................................................................................................................................................... 35
FASHION AND APPEARANCE IN THE WORLD OF WORK ......................................................................... 39
Housing & Interior....................................................................................................................................... 41
BUYING HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES ......................................................................................................... 46
Municipal services and sustainable consumption of water .................................................................... 49
@Juffrou_Ansie
, 2
Definitions and Core Concepts
Brand A word, symbol, name or device that someone uses to distinguish
goods from those produced by other manufacturers is known as a
trademark.
Patent A patent is a license that gives someone the exclusive right to
manufacture, use or sell an invention for a certain period of time.
AIDA principle Advertisements for new products should be based on the ABBA
principle. Attention, Interest, Desire, Action.
Retrospective fashion A style of clothing that indicates it is from a previous era. The
Powerhouse Museum's exhibition of the "Nineties to Now" is a good
example of retrospective fashion.
Classic styles Classic styles change little and are timeless through the ages.
Eco modes During the production of these clothes, no harmful chemicals and
bleaching agents are used when the material is dyed.
Diabetes The nutrient and food-related health condition that results from the
body's inability to control glucose levels in the blood is called diabetes.
Systolic blood pressure The pressure when the heart beats while the blood pumps.
Diastolic blood pressure The pressure when the heart rests between heartbeats.
Obesity Abnormal accumulation of body fat.
Bacillary dysentery Common symptoms are moderate stomach pains and diarrhea, with
blood or mucus in the stool.
Tuberculosis A highly contagious disease that usually attacks the lungs.
Bulimia Nervosa A vicious cycle of repeated overeating, followed by behaviours such as
forced vomiting or excessive exercise.
HIV/AIDS A disease of the human immune system caused by the human
immunodeficiency virus.
Gastroenteritis Acute diarrhoea, three or more loose stools, cramps, nausea, bloating.
Vitamin C Vitamin C is one of the essential vitamins that strengthen the immune
system.
Vitamin B The nutrient that will improve the iron absorption of the body
Food additives Chemical substances that are added to food to keep it fresh and/or
that improve the colour, flavour and texture of the product.
Escherichia coli (E-coli) Escherichia coli (E-coli) is a type of bacteria that causes ulcers in the
intestines that make the stool bloody.
Emulsifiers Emulsifiers are ingredients added to food to maintain consistency and
prevent the mixture's ingredients from separating.
Chemical preservatives Chemical preservatives are ingredients that, under certain conditions,
slow down the growth of microorganisms, but do not necessarily
@Juffrou_Ansie
, 3
destroy them. However, this does not prevent quality decline during
manufacturing and distribution.
Non-renewable energy Fossil fuels such as coal, oil or gas are examples of non-renewable
sources energy sources
Opportunistic infections Infections that occur when the immune system cannot protect the
body against bacteria and viruses.
Peanuts Peanuts are one of the most common causes of allergic reactions.
Email numbers E-numbers are common on food labels across the European Union. E-
numbers indicate ingredients approved by the European Food Safety
Authority.
Provisional tax Taxes that apply to taxpayers with an infrequent income, such as
farmers. The amount is paid in two instalments so that the taxpayer
does not have to pay one large amount at the end of the financial
year.
CPS (Current Payment The tax that an employer deducts from his employees' income and
System) remits to SARS.
Excise duty Also called sin tax. Tax levied on the manufacture and sale of certain
products e.g. alcohol and tobacco products.
Registration costs A one-time amount charged by the bank to register a home loan
account.
Purchase deed A formal, written, legal agreement between the buyer and the seller
that sets out the terms and conditions.
Instalment sale transaction An instalment sale transaction is a transaction where a deposit is paid
and a credit agreement is signed.
Lay buy A small deposit is paid for an item, after which the merchant holds the
item for the customer until the full amount is paid.
Title deed The document that shows the details of ownership and a property
A buyer only owns a house after the Registrar of Deeds has signed the
title deed.
Property tax The buyer is responsible for paying this and is based on the market
value of the property.
Lease An agreement between a property owner and a tenant for the use and
occupancy of a property against the payment of rent.
Rental Housing Act The law governing the relationship between tenants and landlords in
the private rental sector.
Money laundering Concealing the true nature or source of illicit money by moving it
through legitimate business channels.
Exclusion Clause / Indemnity The kind of clause included in contracts that releases a party from any
Clause liability should the agreement not be honoured.
Mortgage Be registered at the deeds office and serve as security for the bank for
the repayment of the home loan.
@Juffrou_Ansie
, 4
Stock skin A group of people who undertake together to pay regular
contributions into a common fund for specific purposes.
Fraud scheme/scam After declining a telephone business offer, money was still deducted
from the consumer's bank account.
Gray goods Goods imported into a country through unofficial or unauthorized
distribution channels.
Pyramid scheme Members receive compensation for recruiting other members rather
than for selling any goods or services.
Cooling off period According to the Consumer Protection Act, 2008 (Act 68 of 2008), a
consumer has five days to cancel a transaction concluded as a result of
direct marketing, without giving a reason or without financial
implications.
Multilevel pyramid scheme Products are sold and salespeople receive a portion of the sales from
a lower level.
Product, price, place, people The marketing strategies required for a successful marketing plan.
and promotion.
Production plan A document that indicates what tasks need to be done to achieve your
goals.
Competitive advantage Unique characteristics that distinguish a product from similar products
produced by other businesses.
Quality control/inspections The inspection process to ensure that products meet the required
standards that have been set.
Sustainable production The production of products in such a way that the natural
environment is protected.
Initial capital The capital initially required to start the business.
Different types of taxes The government's main source of revenue.
The repo rate The repo rate is the interest rate at which commercial banks can
borrow money from the Reserve Bank
A fashion trend A fashion trend is the direction in which a fashion is changing.
Greywater Wastewater that is generated by domestic processes, and that can be
diverted to reduce domestic water consumption.
Exemption clause. Exemption clause is a clause included in contracts that exonerate
(clear) a party from any liability should he or she fail to honour the
agreement or when the agreed product does not serve the purpose
for which it was
acquired.
Counterfeit An illegal copy/replica/fake of an original product
@Juffrou_Ansie
