FEMALE AND MALE ANATOMY
Sexual Reproduction (Human Life Cycle)
● Definition: Production of new individuals by combining genetic material from two parents.
● Importance:
○ Essential for species survival and evolution.
○ Transfers genes to the next generation.
Human Sexual Reproduction
● Parents: Each has 46 chromosomes (diploid = 2n).
● Gametes:
○ Formed via meiosis.
○ Male gametes = sperm cells (23 chromosomes, haploid = n).
○ Female gametes = egg cells/ova (23 chromosomes, haploid = n).
○
, Life Cycle Overview
1. Spermatogenesis (produces sperm with 23 chromosomes).
2. Oogenesis (produces egg with 23 chromosomes).
3. Fertilisation:
○ Fusion of sperm and egg nuclei.
○ Forms a zygote with 46 chromosomes (diploid = 2n).
4. Mitosis:
○ Zygote divides and grows into a multicellular male or female, each with 46
chromosomes.
Genetic Variation
● Offspring are not identical to parents or to each other due to genetic recombination.
The Male Reproductive System
Main Components
● Primary sex organ: Testes
● Ducts and tubules: Epididymis, vas deferens, urethra
● Accessory glands: Seminal vesicles, prostate gland, Cowper’s glands
● External genitalia: Penis, scrotum, foreskin
Sexual Reproduction (Human Life Cycle)
● Definition: Production of new individuals by combining genetic material from two parents.
● Importance:
○ Essential for species survival and evolution.
○ Transfers genes to the next generation.
Human Sexual Reproduction
● Parents: Each has 46 chromosomes (diploid = 2n).
● Gametes:
○ Formed via meiosis.
○ Male gametes = sperm cells (23 chromosomes, haploid = n).
○ Female gametes = egg cells/ova (23 chromosomes, haploid = n).
○
, Life Cycle Overview
1. Spermatogenesis (produces sperm with 23 chromosomes).
2. Oogenesis (produces egg with 23 chromosomes).
3. Fertilisation:
○ Fusion of sperm and egg nuclei.
○ Forms a zygote with 46 chromosomes (diploid = 2n).
4. Mitosis:
○ Zygote divides and grows into a multicellular male or female, each with 46
chromosomes.
Genetic Variation
● Offspring are not identical to parents or to each other due to genetic recombination.
The Male Reproductive System
Main Components
● Primary sex organ: Testes
● Ducts and tubules: Epididymis, vas deferens, urethra
● Accessory glands: Seminal vesicles, prostate gland, Cowper’s glands
● External genitalia: Penis, scrotum, foreskin