, MBUDZISO 1: THINWAIPFI NA SINTHEKISI 1.1 Matsinde a
maiti a a kona u shanduka a vha madzina kana manyanyu.
Kha vha shandukise aya a tevhelaho a vhe manyanyu: (3)
(i) Dzula (ii) Ṱodzimela (iii) Rahuwa 1.2 Kha vha shumise
thinwaipfi dzi tevhelaho u vhumba mafhungo a pfalaho:
(10) (i) Ḽisala ḽisumbi (ii) Dzina vhukuma (iii) Ḽiḓadzisi ḽa
maitele (iv) Ḽiṱanganyi (v) Ḽiiti ḽitikedzi 1.3 Fhungo ndi
mini'? Vha fhedze vha fhe tsumbo ya fhungo mbumbano
(4) 1.4 Kha vha ṅwale fhungo ḽine ḽa vha na zwiitwa zwivhili
vha fhedze vha zwi talele. (Vha songo kopa fhungo ḽi re
afho nṱha). (4) 1.5 Ḽiiti ḽipfukeli ḽi fhambana hani na ḽiiti
ḽipfukululeli? (4) /25/
MBUDZISO 1: THINWAIPFI NA SINTHEKISI
1.1 Transforming Proper Names into Common
Names
In Tshivenda some words that normally function as
madzina (proper names) may be “demoted” into
manyanyu (common names) by applying appropriate
noun‐class markers and/or modifying the form so
that the term no longer points to one unique
individual or entity. The process generally involves:
Changing the prefix or initial marker: Many
Bantu languages—including Tshivenda—use
maiti a a kona u shanduka a vha madzina kana manyanyu.
Kha vha shandukise aya a tevhelaho a vhe manyanyu: (3)
(i) Dzula (ii) Ṱodzimela (iii) Rahuwa 1.2 Kha vha shumise
thinwaipfi dzi tevhelaho u vhumba mafhungo a pfalaho:
(10) (i) Ḽisala ḽisumbi (ii) Dzina vhukuma (iii) Ḽiḓadzisi ḽa
maitele (iv) Ḽiṱanganyi (v) Ḽiiti ḽitikedzi 1.3 Fhungo ndi
mini'? Vha fhedze vha fhe tsumbo ya fhungo mbumbano
(4) 1.4 Kha vha ṅwale fhungo ḽine ḽa vha na zwiitwa zwivhili
vha fhedze vha zwi talele. (Vha songo kopa fhungo ḽi re
afho nṱha). (4) 1.5 Ḽiiti ḽipfukeli ḽi fhambana hani na ḽiiti
ḽipfukululeli? (4) /25/
MBUDZISO 1: THINWAIPFI NA SINTHEKISI
1.1 Transforming Proper Names into Common
Names
In Tshivenda some words that normally function as
madzina (proper names) may be “demoted” into
manyanyu (common names) by applying appropriate
noun‐class markers and/or modifying the form so
that the term no longer points to one unique
individual or entity. The process generally involves:
Changing the prefix or initial marker: Many
Bantu languages—including Tshivenda—use
