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Summary mircobiology summeries for first year students

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these summaries contain information on; gram staining, the microscope, epidemiology and immunity











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Uploaded on
February 18, 2025
Number of pages
23
Written in
2024/2025
Type
Summary

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Test one
Question one

◦ both flagella and cilia are found primarily
in protozoa
◦ ribosomes are embedded in the rough
endoplasmic Reticulum
◦ Peptidoglycan are present in both gram-
negative and gram- positive cell walls
◦ A mixed culture contains two or more
known species
◦ cell wall is not a component of all cells
◦ in general, RNA viruses multiply in the
cell cytoplasms, and DNA viruses
◦ multiply in the cell nucleus
◦ alcohol lowers the surface tension of cell
◦ Bacterial cells do not have a nucleoid.
◦ fastidious organisims must be grown on
enriched medium
◦ capsids are composed of Protien
subunits called capsomers
◦ ethylene oxide is an approved sterilant
◦ viruses can't be cultivated in blood agar
◦ the envelope of an animal virus is
derived from the membrane of an animal

, ◦ pili are tubularshafts in bacteria that
serve as a means of gram-negative
genetic exchange
◦ active transport of a substance a cross
a membrane requires the expenditure
of ATP
◦ the term culture refers to the Arteficial
growth of microorganism in colonies
◦ Bacterial endospores function in
survival
◦ Photoautotrophs can synthesize its
organic components from co2 + energy
from the sun
◦ eukeryotes have A defined nucleus and
prokeryotes do not
◦ Human fungal infection involve and effect
◦ a hypothesis has been thoroughly
supported by long term study and data
it is considered a theory.
◦ prokaryotic cell wall provides
characteristic shape, protects the cell
◦ from osmotic lysis + toxic substaces
◦ organisms in the same family are more
closely related than genus
◦ robert kochdeveloped the standerd
microbiology Labertory technique

, ◦
◦ nucleic acid of animal viruses enter
host cells through fusion endocytosis

Question two

Pieces +functions
◦ ocular lense.
◦ where specimen is viewed.

◦ lens tube
◦ hold the ocular lens

◦ arm
◦ attaches nose piece to the stage

◦ nosepiece
. ◦ holds objective lense

◦ objective lens
◦ magnify specimen to make it more
visible

◦ slide holder
◦ holds slide in place


◦ stage
◦ fine focus ◦ light source ◦ flat surface on which which a slide sits

◦ moves to produce ◦ shines the light through the
small changes in sample ◦ Condenser
focus
◦ Focuses light on specimen
◦ appature ◦ base ◦
◦ hole in the stage for light ◦ supports the body tube in
place over stage ◦ Diaphragm.
◦ stage control ◦ course focus ◦ controls the amount of light that
passes
◦ allows you to move ◦ moves the body tube for large
slide changes in focus
R133,33
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