n + -oduction
definition :
Goil is upper loose surface layes of Easth as opposed to the sock layes right belo
sustains plant growth material
more organic
top soil than
L
food sec relies on soil ; non-renewable :
watest soil
subsoil
material
parent
Components :
29 % water .
25 % air . 49 % mineral component. 5 %
organic matter
Chapter I
different rock types :
igneous rocks Sedimentary rocks metamorphic rocks
↓ b
sand , silt dead org .
b
layers , . mat
other rocks
not molten rock
heat-pressu
changed by
+ solid
crystalizes
Water displaces air [half volume soil are poses]
Manufactured soil
Soil used in
glass houses is made -
mining topsoiltsand+ organic material
·
Natural soil - become compacted [walked/driven on]. : diff . to keep good dis/water balance
Golf greens ->
topsoil ,
sand , peat mixture : has minimal compaction
Soil as Natural Unit
smallest p .
of soil
A
↑
every soil , polyped on occupies space
Dohouchev +
Hilgard : discovered : soil has great
depth ; every
unit has diff . characteristics
KIXXXXXXXXXXXXIII
Eluviation layers
acc - <
lay
seahorizon
solid bed rock horizon
ateral changes
Crest
morphological units
Scrap
Lateral Change in slope : one soil changing over to another
middleslope -
valley
bottom soil
Steeper : less ; erosion
footslope a cum .
sand
thick of
, Boundaries of soil
upper boundary of soil :
upper surface of Earth
lowes
boundary of soil : effective depth of weathering osland depth of root penetration
lower : not as defined as
upper
Lateral changes from I soil to net -> associated with changes in slope
transition zone : between 2 soils ; contains characteristics of both solls
diff materials vegetation responsible for a Lateral change
parent +
every soil in
landscape lanscape includes soil
:
type seen : :
diff types
different soil in landscape :
product of evolution +
development
Categories of parent material
residual rock
glacial deposits
loess deposits
alluvial + marine deposits
organic deposits
Evolutionary nature of soil
↳
continually changing
↓
life cycle in terms of geological change
S oil characteristics
integrated influence ofClimate ; living organisms ; relief ; time
Weathering rock (deteriating) of underlying rock makes unconsolidated subble which
acts as parent material for development of soll profiles . Profiles with time
show integrated influence of climate , living org , relief ,
time
Exposure of parent material ; to favourable climate ->
photosynthesizing plant
↳
growth leads ->
a ccum .
organic matter : animals ,
bacteria , fungi
↳
breakdown organic matter >
-
release nutrients
↳
starts new plant growth : total organic material cycle
unconsolidated
Soil profile
ROCK rubble
E
Climate, living
org , slope , tim
animals , bacter
organic
fungi matter
nutrient released plants
definition :
Goil is upper loose surface layes of Easth as opposed to the sock layes right belo
sustains plant growth material
more organic
top soil than
L
food sec relies on soil ; non-renewable :
watest soil
subsoil
material
parent
Components :
29 % water .
25 % air . 49 % mineral component. 5 %
organic matter
Chapter I
different rock types :
igneous rocks Sedimentary rocks metamorphic rocks
↓ b
sand , silt dead org .
b
layers , . mat
other rocks
not molten rock
heat-pressu
changed by
+ solid
crystalizes
Water displaces air [half volume soil are poses]
Manufactured soil
Soil used in
glass houses is made -
mining topsoiltsand+ organic material
·
Natural soil - become compacted [walked/driven on]. : diff . to keep good dis/water balance
Golf greens ->
topsoil ,
sand , peat mixture : has minimal compaction
Soil as Natural Unit
smallest p .
of soil
A
↑
every soil , polyped on occupies space
Dohouchev +
Hilgard : discovered : soil has great
depth ; every
unit has diff . characteristics
KIXXXXXXXXXXXXIII
Eluviation layers
acc - <
lay
seahorizon
solid bed rock horizon
ateral changes
Crest
morphological units
Scrap
Lateral Change in slope : one soil changing over to another
middleslope -
valley
bottom soil
Steeper : less ; erosion
footslope a cum .
sand
thick of
, Boundaries of soil
upper boundary of soil :
upper surface of Earth
lowes
boundary of soil : effective depth of weathering osland depth of root penetration
lower : not as defined as
upper
Lateral changes from I soil to net -> associated with changes in slope
transition zone : between 2 soils ; contains characteristics of both solls
diff materials vegetation responsible for a Lateral change
parent +
every soil in
landscape lanscape includes soil
:
type seen : :
diff types
different soil in landscape :
product of evolution +
development
Categories of parent material
residual rock
glacial deposits
loess deposits
alluvial + marine deposits
organic deposits
Evolutionary nature of soil
↳
continually changing
↓
life cycle in terms of geological change
S oil characteristics
integrated influence ofClimate ; living organisms ; relief ; time
Weathering rock (deteriating) of underlying rock makes unconsolidated subble which
acts as parent material for development of soll profiles . Profiles with time
show integrated influence of climate , living org , relief ,
time
Exposure of parent material ; to favourable climate ->
photosynthesizing plant
↳
growth leads ->
a ccum .
organic matter : animals ,
bacteria , fungi
↳
breakdown organic matter >
-
release nutrients
↳
starts new plant growth : total organic material cycle
unconsolidated
Soil profile
ROCK rubble
E
Climate, living
org , slope , tim
animals , bacter
organic
fungi matter
nutrient released plants
