10/16/24, 11:07 AM NRSG 2350 pathophysiology & pharmacology Exam 1 Study Guide: 2024-2025 UPDATE /COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS…
NRSG 2350 pathophysiology & pharmacology
Exam 1 Study Guide: 2024-2025 UPDATE
/COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS ( 100% CORRECT) Northeastern
University
Terms in this set (234)
A condition in which the blood is deficient in red
Anemia
blood cells, in hemoglobin, or in total volume.
Hematopoiesis production of blood cells
somatic skeletal muscle cells
Dendtrites receives stimulus
Carry impulses away from the cell body, pass stimuli
Axons
to the next cell
HR and BP decrease, blood flow to muscle
decreases, bronchus diameter decreases, pupil
Parasympathetic
diameter decreases, urinary spchincter decreases,
digestion and urinary bladder tone increase
HR and BP increase, blood flow to muscle increases,
bronchus diameter increases, pupil diameter
Sympathetic
increases, urinary spchincter increases, digestion
and urinary bladder tone decrease
the first neuron in a series that transmits impulses
preganglionic neuron
from the CNS
the second neuron in a series that transmits impulses
postganglionic neuron
from the CNS
Alpha 1 vasoconstriction
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,10/16/24, 11:07 AM NRSG 2350 pathophysiology & pharmacology Exam 1 Study Guide: 2024-2025 UPDATE /COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS…
alpha 2 inhibit neurotransmitter release
beta 1 increased HR and contraction, heart
lungs, broncodilation, inhibit GI motility and
Beta 2
mictrition
regulates fat breakdown, thermogenesis, bladder/
Beta 3
adipose tissue
○ Afferent/sensory neurons
PNS (peripheral nervous ■ Impulses to the CNS
system) ○ Efferent/motor neurons
■ Impulses from the CNS
CNS (central nervous ○ Brain and spinal cord
system)
cardiac and smooth muscle, glands
autonomic ○ Sympathetic - fight/flight
○ Parasympathetic - rest/digest
send signal across synapses
Neurotransmitters ○ Excitatory or inhibitory
○ Amino acids, peptides, monoamines
preganglionic acetylcholine binds cholinergic nicotinic receptors
○ Sympathetic: mostly epinephrine, norepinephrine-
binding adrenergic receptors
postganglionic
○ Parasympathetic: acetylcholine-binding
cholinergic muscarinic receptors
○ Ɑ1: constrict blood vessels
○ Ɑ2: inhibit neurotransmitter release
bind adrenergic
○ β1: increase heart rate and contraction
receptors
○ β2: bronchodilation, inhibit GI motility, micturition
○ β3: regulates fat breakdown, thermogenesis
https://quizlet.com/957967845/nrsg-2350-pathophysiology-pharmacology-exam-1-study-guide-2024-2025-update-comprehensive-questions-and… 2/20
, 10/16/24, 11:07 AM NRSG 2350 pathophysiology & pharmacology Exam 1 Study Guide: 2024-2025 UPDATE /COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS…
Alpha 1
● Found in blood vessels, iris, bladder
● Cause vasoconstriction → increased BP
● Dilates pupils
● Increased closure of internal sphincter (urethra)
Alpha receptors
Alpha 2
● Located on nerve membranes
● Control the release of NE
● Decrease in SNS activity
● Decreased BP and HR
Beta 1
● Mostly in heart
● Stimulation → increased myocardial activity and
HR
● Beta 1 = 1 heart
Beta Receptors
Beta 2
● Lungs, uterine muscle, smooth muscles of blood
vessels, liver-releases glucose
● Stimulation → dilate airways, lower BP
● Beta 2 = 2 lungs
Released from:
○ autonomic preganglionic neurons
○ parasympathetic postganglionic neurons
○ somatic motor neurons
cholinergic
Nicotinic: postganglionic autonomic neurons,
neurotransmitter
skeletal muscle cells
Muscarinic receptors: slow the heart, stimulate GI
tract
Neurotransmitter removed from synapse by
acetylcholinesterase
https://quizlet.com/957967845/nrsg-2350-pathophysiology-pharmacology-exam-1-study-guide-2024-2025-update-comprehensive-questions-and… 3/20
NRSG 2350 pathophysiology & pharmacology
Exam 1 Study Guide: 2024-2025 UPDATE
/COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS ( 100% CORRECT) Northeastern
University
Terms in this set (234)
A condition in which the blood is deficient in red
Anemia
blood cells, in hemoglobin, or in total volume.
Hematopoiesis production of blood cells
somatic skeletal muscle cells
Dendtrites receives stimulus
Carry impulses away from the cell body, pass stimuli
Axons
to the next cell
HR and BP decrease, blood flow to muscle
decreases, bronchus diameter decreases, pupil
Parasympathetic
diameter decreases, urinary spchincter decreases,
digestion and urinary bladder tone increase
HR and BP increase, blood flow to muscle increases,
bronchus diameter increases, pupil diameter
Sympathetic
increases, urinary spchincter increases, digestion
and urinary bladder tone decrease
the first neuron in a series that transmits impulses
preganglionic neuron
from the CNS
the second neuron in a series that transmits impulses
postganglionic neuron
from the CNS
Alpha 1 vasoconstriction
https://quizlet.com/957967845/nrsg-2350-pathophysiology-pharmacology-exam-1-study-guide-2024-2025-update-comprehensive-questions-and… 1/20
,10/16/24, 11:07 AM NRSG 2350 pathophysiology & pharmacology Exam 1 Study Guide: 2024-2025 UPDATE /COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS…
alpha 2 inhibit neurotransmitter release
beta 1 increased HR and contraction, heart
lungs, broncodilation, inhibit GI motility and
Beta 2
mictrition
regulates fat breakdown, thermogenesis, bladder/
Beta 3
adipose tissue
○ Afferent/sensory neurons
PNS (peripheral nervous ■ Impulses to the CNS
system) ○ Efferent/motor neurons
■ Impulses from the CNS
CNS (central nervous ○ Brain and spinal cord
system)
cardiac and smooth muscle, glands
autonomic ○ Sympathetic - fight/flight
○ Parasympathetic - rest/digest
send signal across synapses
Neurotransmitters ○ Excitatory or inhibitory
○ Amino acids, peptides, monoamines
preganglionic acetylcholine binds cholinergic nicotinic receptors
○ Sympathetic: mostly epinephrine, norepinephrine-
binding adrenergic receptors
postganglionic
○ Parasympathetic: acetylcholine-binding
cholinergic muscarinic receptors
○ Ɑ1: constrict blood vessels
○ Ɑ2: inhibit neurotransmitter release
bind adrenergic
○ β1: increase heart rate and contraction
receptors
○ β2: bronchodilation, inhibit GI motility, micturition
○ β3: regulates fat breakdown, thermogenesis
https://quizlet.com/957967845/nrsg-2350-pathophysiology-pharmacology-exam-1-study-guide-2024-2025-update-comprehensive-questions-and… 2/20
, 10/16/24, 11:07 AM NRSG 2350 pathophysiology & pharmacology Exam 1 Study Guide: 2024-2025 UPDATE /COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS…
Alpha 1
● Found in blood vessels, iris, bladder
● Cause vasoconstriction → increased BP
● Dilates pupils
● Increased closure of internal sphincter (urethra)
Alpha receptors
Alpha 2
● Located on nerve membranes
● Control the release of NE
● Decrease in SNS activity
● Decreased BP and HR
Beta 1
● Mostly in heart
● Stimulation → increased myocardial activity and
HR
● Beta 1 = 1 heart
Beta Receptors
Beta 2
● Lungs, uterine muscle, smooth muscles of blood
vessels, liver-releases glucose
● Stimulation → dilate airways, lower BP
● Beta 2 = 2 lungs
Released from:
○ autonomic preganglionic neurons
○ parasympathetic postganglionic neurons
○ somatic motor neurons
cholinergic
Nicotinic: postganglionic autonomic neurons,
neurotransmitter
skeletal muscle cells
Muscarinic receptors: slow the heart, stimulate GI
tract
Neurotransmitter removed from synapse by
acetylcholinesterase
https://quizlet.com/957967845/nrsg-2350-pathophysiology-pharmacology-exam-1-study-guide-2024-2025-update-comprehensive-questions-and… 3/20
