Summary Notes - Organic Chemistry

ORGANIC REACTIONS
H
H
I
+
I
H-C -H Br-Br - . . . H - C - B r + H-B r
I
SUBSTITUTIO N
Alkane ~ haloa lkane
H I
H
Type of substitution: halogenation
Reaction conditions: heat OR sunlight
Reactants: alkan e + X2 (F, Ct, Br, I)
Products: haloa lkane + HX


2C6H14 + 1902 ~ 12C0 2 + 14H2 0
REACTIO NS OF Alkan e + oxyge n ~ carbon dioxid e + water + energy
ALKANES Reaction conditions: Burns in EXCE SS oxyge n

H HH HH HHH
H-l_l_l_l_l_H ___. H- b-b- l- H l\ =/ +
I H
I H I H
I H ~ ~ ~
ELIMINAT ION
Alkane ~ alken e(s) +
H I
Type of elimination: cracking .
\H




alkane with shorte r chain Reaction conditions: heat + high press ure OR cataly st
Reactant: alkan e
Products: alken e(s) + alkane I alkene + H2

, H H H H
H H
H
H / I I I/
H- C - C
HH
I I
H
I I I I
\::::=c + Cl -Cl - H-C-C-H
I
H
\\
l C-
+
H
H- Br - H- C -C-C-H or H-C-C - C - H
I I I I I I

H
I \
H
I I
Cl Cl
H Br H
Major product
H H Br
not formed


Type of additi ~~: halogenatio~ Type of addition: hydroh alogen ation
Reaction cond1t1ons: unreact1ve Reaction conditions: no water·'
solvent unreac tive solvent
Reactants: alkene + X2 Reactants: alkene + HX (X = I, Br, Ct)
(X = Cf, Br) Product(s): haloalkane(s)
Product: haloal kane Major product: H atom bonds to the C
atom alread y having the greater number of
H atoms .
REAC TIONS OF
ALKENES HHH
H H HHH
I I I I I I I I
H H H-c, - ~ , + H-0 - - H- C - C- C - H or H-C-C - C- H
\ I I I I I I
\ /H
+ H-H -
Pt
H-C-C-H
I I H 1
''
c-H H ~_....O
only product
H H HW O
not formed
C= C H

H
I \
H
I I
H H
Major product


Type of additi on: hydro genation Type of addition: hydrat ion
Reaction condi tions: Pt, Pd or Reaction conditions: exces s H20 ; small
amoun t of acid (H2S0 4) as catalyst
Ni as catalyst
Reactants: alkene + H20
Reactants: alken e + H2
Product: alcoho l(s)
Product: alkane
Major product: H atom bonds to the C
atom alread y having the greater number of
H atoms .