ABO ADVANCE STUDY GUIDE 2024| COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS 100% CORRECT
When taking seg height measurements, which of the following situations could result in
a parallax error? - Patient sitting/ dispenser standing erect
Which of the following is not significant in identifying the problem of vertical imbalance?
- Patient's age
Which of the following elements is NOT critical when determining vertical imbalance? -
Lens power in the 180 degree meridian
A prism will displace the object being viewed towards its ________. - Apex
A prism will bend light towards its _______. - Base
When dealing with problems of vertical imbalance which is the critical meridian of total
lens? - 90
Which of the following prescriptions would pose the greatest prismatic imbalance at a
reading depth of 10mm? - OD +2.50
OS -0.25 +2.50 x 090
A plus lens moved downward from the primary position will result in: - Base down
prismatic effect
What is a hereditary pigmentary degeneration of the retina called which results in
gradual loss of peripheral vision? - Retinitis pigmentosa
What is ocular hypertension? - Elevation of pressure in the eye above the range
considered with an detectable changes in vision or damage to the structure of the eye.
or
Eye pressure can be elevated and cause damage in some eyes, but no damage in
others.
Which of the following statements is false regarding corneal ulcers? Corneal ulcers can
be ________. - of little concern
Approximately what percentage of humans have some alterations in lens transparency
after age 65? - 60%
,What type of cataract is a fully developed opacity of the lens with fluid generation and
swelling of the lens volume? - Hypermature
Which of the following statements is false regarding cataracts? - Cataracts will only
form in the nucleus of the lens.
________ is the condition in which both eyes have equal refractive power. -
Insometropia
Irregular astigmatism occurs when the principal meridians are not uniform along a major
meridian and not uniform along a meridian. They are found at some place other than 90
degree apart. Irregular astigmatism is commonly caused by trauma surgery, or corneal
dystrophy. TRUE or FALSE - True
In poor light, a person sees red light better than blue, which is why the ocular system
tends to be more myopic, i.e. twilight myopia.
TRUE or FALSE - True
_______ are _____ cells that detect motion within a field. - Rods-Long
The crystalline lens is the same size at birth as in an adult, however, it adds cell layers
throughout life, packing them in which makes the crystalline lens harder and is one of
the causes of presbyopia. TRUE or FALSE - False
The triangular structure between the choroid and root of the iris, containing the ciliary
epithelium, stroma, and ciliary muscle is the: - Ciliary body
There are 5 layers of the cornea. They are: - From most anterior to posterior.
Epithelium-Bowman's Layer- Stroma- Descemet membrane- Endothelium
The refractive index of the cornea is: - 1.376
The most powerful refracting medium of the eyes optical system is the cornea. There
are five layers of the cornea, each having a unique purpose and cell structure. One of
the requirements of clear vision is that the cornea ________. - must remain transparent
and must have regular cell structures of all layers.
Polarized filters are made by stretching thin sheets of __________ in one meridian. -
Polyvinyl alcohol
Visible glare can be dangerous because it can not only wash out colors, but in some
instances, can cause _________. - Photokeratitis
Features and benefits of Trivex include __________. - Superior optics
Impact Resistant
,Ultra-lightweight
What is the index of refraction of Trivex? - 1.53
What is the index refraction of polycarbonate? - 1.59
What company introduced CR-39 lenses? - PPG industries
__________ are generally inorganic materials (metals or minerals) that are vacuum
deposited to add color on glass lenses to give a uniform density of color on the lenses. -
Vacuum color coating
Glare is of more concern to which wearer? - Cataract patients
_______ is better than ______ for improving contrast? - Green-Gray
_______ added to any color increases contrast. - Yellow
Although this may be the most popular color for sun lenses, it is not recommended for
patients with emerging cataracts. - Gray
Given a high plus or high minus RX, which lens material would offer the best choice for
uniform density in sun lenses? - CR-39 & Trivex
A Characteristic of a dark tinted glass lens with an RX of +4.00 SPH would be
_________. - Darker in the center and lighter on the edge
If a person has exposure to sunlight at least 2 hours or more during the day,
__________. - their ability to adapt to night vision is compromised if they don't protect
their eyes from the sun exposure.
Standard transmission is sun lenses should range between _________. - 15% to 30%
The denser the tint in a lens, __________ - the less transmission of light through the
lens.
The absorption of light in lenses is classified by two variables. What are they? - Tint &
lens transmission
Aphakia - An absence of the crystalline lens of the eye (pseudophakia: having a false
lens)
Apex - Thinnest edge of a prism.
Anterior - front cavity or compartment of the eye, located between the cornea and
CHAMBER: crystalline lens contains the aqueous humor.
, Anisometropia - Condition in which the refractive error of one eye significantly differs
from that of the other.
OD -1.00 OS -2.25 or OD +1.00 OS +2.25
Aniseikonia a- a aA acondition ain awhich athe aocular aimage aof aan aobject aas aseen aby aone aeye
adiffers aso amuch ain asize aor ashape afrom athat aseen aby athe aother aeye athat athe atwo aimages
acannot abe afused ainto aa asingle aimpression. aUnequal asize aof aretinal aimages.
Ametropia a- a aA arefractive aerror ain awhich athe aeye, awhen ain aa astate aof arest, adoes anot
afocus athe aimage aof aan aobject aupon athe aretina; aincludes a"hyperopia, amyopia, a&
aastigmatism. a
any aerror aof arefraction ain awhich aimages ado anot afocus aproperly aon athe aretina
Ambylopia a- a aLoss aof avision awithout aany aapparent adisease aof athe aeye.
Lazy aeye acausing aother aeye ato alose asome aportions aof avisions.
Addition a- a aDifference ain aplus apower abetween athe areading a& adistance aportions aof aa
amultifocal alens.
Acuity a- a aVisual aexpression aof asharpness aof avision a(20/20 adistance aj.l anear)
Achromatic a- a aDescriptive aof aa alens acapable aof arefracting alight awithout acreating aa
arainbow aeffect.
without acolor
Currently, athe atwo amaterials acapable aof apassing athe aANSI aZ-87 aHigh aImpact aTest aare
apolycarbonate aand a_____. a- a aTrivex
The aFDA arequires athat aimpact aresistance arecords aare akept afor a________. a- a a3 ayears
A alensometer atarget aindicates aa alens ahas a2D aof abase aup awith aa a5.00 aprism aD aauxiliary
aprism apositioned abase adown. aThe atotal abase aup aprism ain athe alens ais a__________
aprism adiopters a- a a7 aPrism aDiopters
The afirst astep ain averifying aa aprescription awith aa amanual alensometer ais ato a___________.
a- a aFocus athe aeye apiece
A a_________ ais aused ato ameasure avertex adistance. a- a aDisometer
SOLUTIONS 100% CORRECT
When taking seg height measurements, which of the following situations could result in
a parallax error? - Patient sitting/ dispenser standing erect
Which of the following is not significant in identifying the problem of vertical imbalance?
- Patient's age
Which of the following elements is NOT critical when determining vertical imbalance? -
Lens power in the 180 degree meridian
A prism will displace the object being viewed towards its ________. - Apex
A prism will bend light towards its _______. - Base
When dealing with problems of vertical imbalance which is the critical meridian of total
lens? - 90
Which of the following prescriptions would pose the greatest prismatic imbalance at a
reading depth of 10mm? - OD +2.50
OS -0.25 +2.50 x 090
A plus lens moved downward from the primary position will result in: - Base down
prismatic effect
What is a hereditary pigmentary degeneration of the retina called which results in
gradual loss of peripheral vision? - Retinitis pigmentosa
What is ocular hypertension? - Elevation of pressure in the eye above the range
considered with an detectable changes in vision or damage to the structure of the eye.
or
Eye pressure can be elevated and cause damage in some eyes, but no damage in
others.
Which of the following statements is false regarding corneal ulcers? Corneal ulcers can
be ________. - of little concern
Approximately what percentage of humans have some alterations in lens transparency
after age 65? - 60%
,What type of cataract is a fully developed opacity of the lens with fluid generation and
swelling of the lens volume? - Hypermature
Which of the following statements is false regarding cataracts? - Cataracts will only
form in the nucleus of the lens.
________ is the condition in which both eyes have equal refractive power. -
Insometropia
Irregular astigmatism occurs when the principal meridians are not uniform along a major
meridian and not uniform along a meridian. They are found at some place other than 90
degree apart. Irregular astigmatism is commonly caused by trauma surgery, or corneal
dystrophy. TRUE or FALSE - True
In poor light, a person sees red light better than blue, which is why the ocular system
tends to be more myopic, i.e. twilight myopia.
TRUE or FALSE - True
_______ are _____ cells that detect motion within a field. - Rods-Long
The crystalline lens is the same size at birth as in an adult, however, it adds cell layers
throughout life, packing them in which makes the crystalline lens harder and is one of
the causes of presbyopia. TRUE or FALSE - False
The triangular structure between the choroid and root of the iris, containing the ciliary
epithelium, stroma, and ciliary muscle is the: - Ciliary body
There are 5 layers of the cornea. They are: - From most anterior to posterior.
Epithelium-Bowman's Layer- Stroma- Descemet membrane- Endothelium
The refractive index of the cornea is: - 1.376
The most powerful refracting medium of the eyes optical system is the cornea. There
are five layers of the cornea, each having a unique purpose and cell structure. One of
the requirements of clear vision is that the cornea ________. - must remain transparent
and must have regular cell structures of all layers.
Polarized filters are made by stretching thin sheets of __________ in one meridian. -
Polyvinyl alcohol
Visible glare can be dangerous because it can not only wash out colors, but in some
instances, can cause _________. - Photokeratitis
Features and benefits of Trivex include __________. - Superior optics
Impact Resistant
,Ultra-lightweight
What is the index of refraction of Trivex? - 1.53
What is the index refraction of polycarbonate? - 1.59
What company introduced CR-39 lenses? - PPG industries
__________ are generally inorganic materials (metals or minerals) that are vacuum
deposited to add color on glass lenses to give a uniform density of color on the lenses. -
Vacuum color coating
Glare is of more concern to which wearer? - Cataract patients
_______ is better than ______ for improving contrast? - Green-Gray
_______ added to any color increases contrast. - Yellow
Although this may be the most popular color for sun lenses, it is not recommended for
patients with emerging cataracts. - Gray
Given a high plus or high minus RX, which lens material would offer the best choice for
uniform density in sun lenses? - CR-39 & Trivex
A Characteristic of a dark tinted glass lens with an RX of +4.00 SPH would be
_________. - Darker in the center and lighter on the edge
If a person has exposure to sunlight at least 2 hours or more during the day,
__________. - their ability to adapt to night vision is compromised if they don't protect
their eyes from the sun exposure.
Standard transmission is sun lenses should range between _________. - 15% to 30%
The denser the tint in a lens, __________ - the less transmission of light through the
lens.
The absorption of light in lenses is classified by two variables. What are they? - Tint &
lens transmission
Aphakia - An absence of the crystalline lens of the eye (pseudophakia: having a false
lens)
Apex - Thinnest edge of a prism.
Anterior - front cavity or compartment of the eye, located between the cornea and
CHAMBER: crystalline lens contains the aqueous humor.
, Anisometropia - Condition in which the refractive error of one eye significantly differs
from that of the other.
OD -1.00 OS -2.25 or OD +1.00 OS +2.25
Aniseikonia a- a aA acondition ain awhich athe aocular aimage aof aan aobject aas aseen aby aone aeye
adiffers aso amuch ain asize aor ashape afrom athat aseen aby athe aother aeye athat athe atwo aimages
acannot abe afused ainto aa asingle aimpression. aUnequal asize aof aretinal aimages.
Ametropia a- a aA arefractive aerror ain awhich athe aeye, awhen ain aa astate aof arest, adoes anot
afocus athe aimage aof aan aobject aupon athe aretina; aincludes a"hyperopia, amyopia, a&
aastigmatism. a
any aerror aof arefraction ain awhich aimages ado anot afocus aproperly aon athe aretina
Ambylopia a- a aLoss aof avision awithout aany aapparent adisease aof athe aeye.
Lazy aeye acausing aother aeye ato alose asome aportions aof avisions.
Addition a- a aDifference ain aplus apower abetween athe areading a& adistance aportions aof aa
amultifocal alens.
Acuity a- a aVisual aexpression aof asharpness aof avision a(20/20 adistance aj.l anear)
Achromatic a- a aDescriptive aof aa alens acapable aof arefracting alight awithout acreating aa
arainbow aeffect.
without acolor
Currently, athe atwo amaterials acapable aof apassing athe aANSI aZ-87 aHigh aImpact aTest aare
apolycarbonate aand a_____. a- a aTrivex
The aFDA arequires athat aimpact aresistance arecords aare akept afor a________. a- a a3 ayears
A alensometer atarget aindicates aa alens ahas a2D aof abase aup awith aa a5.00 aprism aD aauxiliary
aprism apositioned abase adown. aThe atotal abase aup aprism ain athe alens ais a__________
aprism adiopters a- a a7 aPrism aDiopters
The afirst astep ain averifying aa aprescription awith aa amanual alensometer ais ato a___________.
a- a aFocus athe aeye apiece
A a_________ ais aused ato ameasure avertex adistance. a- a aDisometer
