WGU - Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide 2024

WGU - Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide 2024 Program - ️️ -Consists of instructions executing one at a time. Input - ️️ -A program gets data, perhaps from a file, keyboard, touchscreen, network, etc. Process - ️️ -A programs performs computations on that data, such as adding two values like x + y. Output - ️️ -A programs puts that data somewhere, such as to a file, screen, network, etc. Computational thinking - ️️ -Creating a sequence of instructions to solve a problem. Algorithm - ️️ -A sequence of instructions that solves a problem. Statement - ️️ -Carries out some action and executing one at a time. String literal - ️️ -Consists of text (characters) within double quotes, as in "Go #57!". Cursor - ️️ -Indicates where the next output item will be placed in the output. Newline - ️️ -A special two-character sequence n whose appearance in an output string literal causes the cursor to move to the next output line. The newline exists invisibly in the output. Comment - ️️ -Text added to a program, read by humans to understand the code, but ignored by the program when executed. Whitespace - ️️ -Refers to blank spaces (space and tab characters) between items within a statement, and to newlines. Whitespace helps improve readability for humans, but for execution purposes is mostly ignored. Pseudocode - ️️ -Text that resembles a program in a real programming language but is simplified to aid human understanding. Assignment statement - ️️ -Assigns a variable with a value, such as x = 5. An assignment statement's left side must be a variable. The right side is an expression.Examples: x = 5, y = a, or z = w + 2. = - ️️ -In programming, = is an assignment of a left-side variable with a right-side value. It does not represent equality like in mathematics. Variable declaration - ️️ -Declares a new variable, specifying the variable's name and type. Identifier - ️️ -A name created by a programmer for an item like a variable or function. An identifier must: be a sequence of letters (a-z, A-Z), underscores (_), and digits (0-9), AND start with a letter or underscore. Reserved word or keyword - ️️ -A word that is part of the language, like integer, Get, or Put. A programmer cannot use a reserved word as an identifier. Lower camel case - ️️ -Abuts multiple words, capitalizing each word except the first, such as numApples. Underscore separated - ️️ -Words are lowercase and separated by an underscore, such as num_apples. Expression - ️️ -A combination of items, like variables, literals, operators, and parentheses, that evaluates to a value. Example: 2 * (x+1) Literal - ️️ -A specific value in code, like 2. Operator - ️️ -A symbol that performs a built-in calculation, like the operator + which performs addition. Unary minus - ️️ -The subtraction sign (-) used as a negative. Note about integer literal - ️️ -Commas are not allowed, so 1,333,555 must be written as 1333555. Incremental development - ️️ -The process of writing, compiling, and testing a small amount of code, then writing, compiling, and testing a small amount more (an incremental amount), and so on. Floating-point number - ️️ -A real number, like 98.6, 0.0001, or -666.667. Floating-point literal - ️️ -A number with a fractional part, even if that fraction is 0, such as 1.0, 0.0, or 99.573. Function - ️️ -A list of statements executed by invoking the function's name, with such invoking known as a function call. Type conversion - ️️ -A conversion of one data type to another, such as an integer to a float. Implicit conversion - ️️ -When a program automatically performs several common conversions between integer and float types (as well as others). Type cast - ️️ -Converts a value