Summary Microbiology 214: Microbial nutrition & Microbial growth

Chapter11.1.3.3 microbialNutrition

Vitamin Function
Metabolism cellgrowth
Requirements Biotin f ixation
1002
carboxylation
one
o.noNP's carbonmetabolism

kt.ca't.mgreit aid
folic onecarbonmetabolism
macronutrients
in quantities
needed large

micronutrients
in
needed smallavantities lipoicaid
ofAcylgroups
Transfer

eg vitamins smallmoleculesneeded to sustaingrowthconstitutewholepartial
cofactors

Pyridoxine AminoAcidmetabolism

AllmicroorganismsreauireEnergyelectronscarbon


Energy carbon



si n.m n iiii n
no
heteroorganicinorganic
compounds




microvultures


egPCBs paunioroniphenyls areproducedfromplasticproduction
intoenvironment
released

not by
easilydegraded bacteria

to
Howeverb acteriaexposed these thatallow
p ressureshavedeveloped genes them
tobreakdownthesePcbs havebecomedominantintheirpopulation
Chakrabarty hasalsochemicallymodifiedbacteriatobreak oil
down



of
uptake nutrients




in
mostmicroorganismslive nutrient
poorenvironments
toextractnutrientsagainstaconcentrationgradientabsorbnutrientsacrossaselectivelypermeablemembrane
have

Transport

Passive
No is
energy requiredsincemolecules aretransported is
energy neededsince ma aretransportedAGAINSTaconcentration gradient
OWN
a concentration gradient


ftp.ifpifpuihfnon
mhiifihipor
primaryactivetransport

areawe
non
small diffuse
p olarmolecules the
across membrane energy todrivemoleculesagainstthegradient gEthiano transporters

movement
ismostlyrandomuntil cavilibrium
isreached secondary
active
t ransport

usesthepotentialenergycreatedbyprimary
Facilitated
D iffusion a ctive
to
t ransport drivemolecules
against
gradient

carrier
by
proteins carryions increasing
m embrane
permeability uniport sumport Antiport

permeaves embedded
inmembraneundergoconformationalchanges one
only ofmolecule
type atypesofmolecules atypes
of molecules

Mips formchannelspores istransported
in
move same
direction moveoppositedirections
Group translocation

Transport
ofamoleculeacrossamembranethatoccursw chemicallymodifyingthe
molecule

never
a
forms pore
nitporin specific
very
channel
forwatermolecules 1 Phosphoenolpyruvate
a
loses phosphate 2Thisphosphateistransferredvia
Atp CaseiterTransporters
B inding
iiiiiniiii.iongiiiiiiii.fi4 geqssmemorane.pa.us
glucose

agroupof which
proteins
transmembrane make ofAtn
use
hydrolysis
toactas
importers
substrate
exporters PEP 1
glucose s
no phosphoenolpyruvate


jggygon.no acomplex to
moves membrane




y
ysBPtommex IBP to
carriers ubstrate transporter

3NBDhydrolyses toreleaseenergy
Atp
a substratecanentertransportertobe
ph
Transooner
v
ifpagg
Binding
nucleotide domain anyways
purviate
carriedacrossmembrane to p
a glucoseophosphate

, Iron
acquisition


ironis revivedforcutochromes metabolism homeostasis

istheironforminanaerobicconditionsThisironformissoluble
ironfeat
ferrous

ferricironfastisthe
ironforminAerobicconditionsThis ironisinsoluble
areproducedwhenironislimiting
siderophores

siderophores
haveahigh affinityforformingironcomplexeswrest
Thusthiscomplexbinds
tothecelleither ironisreleaseddirectly siderophoreironcomplexistaken
upbyAbctransponers
Festisreduced
toFort
cellg rowth αironavailability