PLS2601 Assignment 2 (COMPLETE ANSWERS) Semester 1 2024 (730417)

PLS2601 Assignment 2 (COMPLETE ANSWERS) Semester 1 2024 (Unique Nr. 730417) ... 100 % TRUSTED workings, explanations and solutions. For assistance call or W.h.a.t.s.a.p.p us on +/ 2/ 5/ 4 /7 /7 /9 /5 /4 /0 /1 /3 /2 . QUESTION 1: SHORT QUESTIONS: Instructions for Question 1: Write short answers for each question. The number alongside each question is the total mark for the question. 1.1 What is the difference between dogma and a critically reasoned argument? [write 3-4 sentences] (4 marks) 1.2 What is an implicit conclusion in an argument? [write 2-3 sentences] (2 marks) 1.3 What is the difference between a premise indicator and a conclusion indicator of an argument? Give an example of an argument in which you can show where these indicators are. [write 3-4 sentences] (4 marks) 1.4 State the kind of writing found in each of the following statements: 1.4.1 For Kwasi Wiredu, the basic characteristic of folk philosophy is that it contains bald, non-discursive assertions which are not supported by argument. (2 marks) 1.4.2 As for Thabo, after passing matric in 1975 he got a job as an unqualified teacher at Thoko-Thaba secondary school, then got married in his second year of teaching. After a year or two he obtained a mortgaged house through United bank in Thokoza Gardens. (2 marks) 1.4.3 The term ‘oral’ refers to spoken words, to verbal expressions of thoughts in different ways and styles. (2 marks) Downloaded by Thomas Mboya () lOMoARcPSD| 3 1.5 What kind of definitions are in each of the following statements? 1.5.1 ‘Tigon’ is taken to mean the offspring of a male tiger and a female lion. (2 marks) 1.5.2 ‘Psychiatry’ means the fortuitous melding of modern medicine with psychology that promises relief to thousands of poor, desperate souls who suffer the pains of emotional disorder. (2 marks) 1.5.3 ‘Intractable’ means not easily governed; obstinate; unruly; not disposed to be taught. (2 marks) 1.6 State whether the following pieces of writings are mere sentences or propositions (statements) in logical terms. 1.6.1 The Netherlands is smaller than Belgium as far as population is concerned. (2 marks) 1.6.2 Every triangle has three sides and three angles. (2 marks) 1.6.3 ‘Better be safe than sorry’ (2 marks) 1.6.4 ‘Mary, please come here! (2 marks) 1.6.5 Aristotle was educated in Africa. (2 marks) 1.7 Give the Name of the formal or informal fallacy found in each of the following arguments: 1.7.1 If students study hard, then they will pass their exams. Apparently, students did not study hard. Therefore, we can conclude that they will not pass their exams.(1 mark) 1.7.2 The Law ought to be hard on men who abuse women for the reason that these men are women abusers. (1 mark) 1.7.3 When I was touring South Africa, I met three white people on different occasions who displayed some racist attitude to people of African descent. It seems to me that all white people in South Africa are racist. (1 mark) 1.7.4 “Did you see how the EFF political party members conducted themselves in parliament lately? They were screaming and shouting and climbing on top of the tables. This is disgusting, and it does not matter what points they were raising. As civilized people we cannot allow ourselves to be ruled by barbaric people. Clearly, we should not vote for the EFF in 2024 general elections.” (1 mark) [36] Downloaded by Thomas Mboya () lOMoARcPSD| 4 QUESTION 2: ARGUMENT EVALUATION: Instructions for Question 2: 1. Evaluate the following three arguments. 2. In your evaluation, state whether the argument is inductive or deductive, value or empirical, contains a fallacy or not (stipulate which fallacy if it contains one) and whether it is valid/invalid or sound/unsound or strong/weak. 3. Present your responses on how you have evaluated the three arguments in the form of a table. The table is provided below after the three arguments: Argument 2.1 It is not wrong to kill spiders (not A). But if spiders have eternal souls (B), then it is wrong to kill them (A). Thus, it is false that spiders have eternal souls (not B). Argument 2.2 The work of a garbage collector is of great importance (1). The pay is good and the hours are reasonable (2). So, your reluctance to take this job is beyond comprehension (3). Argument 2.3 All black people are African people (a), and all Zulu speaking people are black people (b). Hence, all Zulu speaking people are African people (c). Table in which to provide your answers is here below. But you can also draw your own table. [marks 1x12=12] Inductive or Deductive Value or empirical Fallacy? If ‘Yes,’ which? Valid / invalid or sound / unsound Argument 2.1 Argument 2.2 Argument 2.3 Downloaded by Thomas Mboya () lOMoARcPSD| 5 QUESTION 3: ARGUMENT MAPS/DIAGRAMS: Instructions for Question 3: Create argument maps/argument diagrams of the following arguments. Example: Human beings are buried respectfully after they have died (a). When they are sick, we do everything to save their lives (b). Therefore, human beings are dignified creatures (c). Argument map/diagram a b c Be sure that you number the statements as they are labelled in the questions. 3.1 Lying causes social discord (A). Hence lying is wrong (B). (3 marks) 3.2 It is foolish to live in a modern city (1), because in the modern city the pace of life is inhuman (2); the crime rate is high (3); the air quality is often poor (4); and the traffic is dangerous (5). (5 marks) 3.3 If alcoholism is a disease, then it is treated medically (a). But alcoholism is not treated medically (b). So, alcoholism is not a disease (c). (4 marks) [12] [60 MARKS]