Summary Organic chemistry

ORGANIC CHEM
Organic molecules:Molecules containing carbon atoms with the exception carbon
of dioxide, carbon monoxide, diamond,

carbonates (or bicarbonates), carbides and
graphite, cyanide.

Hydrocarbon:A compound containing only carbon and
hydrogen atoms.




s:
*




1- meth 6-nex


2-eth 7-hept

3 8 -
Oct
-

prop

4 -
but 9 -
non




3-pent 10-dec




Homologous series:Aseries of similar compounds which have the same functional group and have the same



general formula, in which each member differs from the previous one
by a
single CH2 unit


Functional group of form
group:An atom or atoms that centre ofchemical
the
activity in the
molecule


(IUPAC na:
memure
1. Find
longestcarbon chain that
c ontains the functional group When writing name:


2. Number chain so functional
that
group branches have the possible number
lowest Btwun numbers letters - -


Hierarchy:1. Functional
group Btwn numbers
Btwn
lettersnose
2. Double bond e

3. Branches (alky's+ halogens) *if
symmetrical -

l owest
alphabet


3. Name
type-use prefixes
above Calkyles(
↳-
Branches prefix
=
--
multiple ofsame-use
if distri, tetra - alphabetical order!!

Num carbons root
=




functional
group suffix



Condensed formula -
leftto
right

do each leach (L
part

branches in brackets to
next (it's attached to


(for above)
e.g. CH3 CH(CM) (M(CM2 (12) CH(CH3)CH3
- -
-




WHEN DRAWING - CARBONS MUST HAVE
HBONDS EACH

, As:
General formula:(nHantz

Functional
group:Saturated hydrocarbon
-
-



-
Saturated compound:Acompound in which all ofthe bonds between carbon atoms are
single bonds


Branch =



alkyl (2:dimethyl, 3:trimethyl
eg. methyl, ethyl etc)

Suffix =
-ane




e.g.
-"-"-ethyl Longest 5
chain:




e
It In




I
r
Name:Z, n dimethyl-3-ethylpentane

-methyl
4




Properties:
·
Insoluble in Water (non-polar: London)

Low points
melting boiling
·




3
-D
C,- Cn=gas at
ro o m temp

↳D
Cg-C,o=liquid" longer chain more e

"
Le-song
↳> Lot:solids


Straight branched
·
(S.A.. potential attraction sites)

·
Unreactive (bc saturated)

Reactions:
Combustion
·




·substitution


Cracking




meanes:

anisinwherearea.For
Functional
group.
prefix -
treat same as


Suffix
- sane




-
-iodo
I
- 1
-



-
+
-
-
3-bromo-2-iodo-1-methylbutane
-




in
n
- brome
methyl



Properties:
Polar
·
molecules (.. dipole dipole)

I
.
soluble in Water


Reactions:
·
Substitution

·Elimination