MNM2607 ASS 2 2ND SEMESTER 2023
1.The process of gathering information for safety performance measurement:
To gather information for safety performance measurement, organizations typically
follow a systematic approach that involves several steps:
Define Key Performance Indicators (KPIs): Identify the specific metrics and
indicators that will be used to measure safety performance. Examples of KPIs
include injury rates, near-miss reporting, safety training completion rates, and
compliance with safety procedures.
Data Collection: Collect relevant data to measure the identified KPIs. This can
involve various methods such as incident reporting, safety observations,
employee surveys, and inspection records.
Data Validation and Verification: Ensure the accuracy and reliability of collected
data through validation and verification processes. This may involve cross-
checking data from multiple sources, reviewing documentation, and conducting
audits or assessments.
Data Analysis: Analyze the collected data to identify trends, patterns, and areas
for improvement. This can involve statistical analysis, trend analysis, and
benchmarking against industry standards or internal targets.
Reporting: Prepare reports that present the analyzed data and provide insights
into safety performance. These reports may be shared with key stakeholders
such as senior management, safety committees, or regulatory authorities.
Continuous Improvement: Use the gathered information to drive continuous
improvement in safety performance. Identify areas of concern or opportunities for
enhancement and develop action plans to address them effectively.
2.The PDCA Cycle and Risk Management Elements in Monitoring and Measuring a
Safety Management System:
The PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act) cycle is a continuous improvement framework that can
be applied to monitor and measure a safety management system. In the context of risk
, management, the PDCA cycle can help organizations identify, assess, and control risks.
Here's an illustration of the PDCA cycle and its application to risk management:
a. Plan: Identify and assess risks, establish risk management objectives, and develop
risk control measures. This includes conducting risk assessments, setting targets, and
creating risk mitigation plans.
b. Do: Implement the planned risk control measures. This involves putting the identified
controls into action and ensuring they are effectively implemented across the
organization.
c. Check: Monitor and measure the effectiveness of the implemented controls. This
includes collecting data, conducting inspections, and analyzing safety performance
indicators to assess whether the intended risk reduction is achieved.
d. Act: Take corrective actions and make improvements based on the results of the
check phase. This involves reviewing the data and analysis, identifying areas for
improvement, and implementing changes to enhance the effectiveness of risk controls.
Risk management elements within the PDCA cycle can include risk identification, risk
assessment and evaluation, risk control implementation, and risk monitoring and review.
3The aim of safety audit and categories principles of safety audit compliance:
The aim of a safety audit is to assess the effectiveness of an organization's safety
management system and identify areas of improvement. Safety audits are conducted to
evaluate compliance with safety regulations, standards, and internal policies. They help
1.The process of gathering information for safety performance measurement:
To gather information for safety performance measurement, organizations typically
follow a systematic approach that involves several steps:
Define Key Performance Indicators (KPIs): Identify the specific metrics and
indicators that will be used to measure safety performance. Examples of KPIs
include injury rates, near-miss reporting, safety training completion rates, and
compliance with safety procedures.
Data Collection: Collect relevant data to measure the identified KPIs. This can
involve various methods such as incident reporting, safety observations,
employee surveys, and inspection records.
Data Validation and Verification: Ensure the accuracy and reliability of collected
data through validation and verification processes. This may involve cross-
checking data from multiple sources, reviewing documentation, and conducting
audits or assessments.
Data Analysis: Analyze the collected data to identify trends, patterns, and areas
for improvement. This can involve statistical analysis, trend analysis, and
benchmarking against industry standards or internal targets.
Reporting: Prepare reports that present the analyzed data and provide insights
into safety performance. These reports may be shared with key stakeholders
such as senior management, safety committees, or regulatory authorities.
Continuous Improvement: Use the gathered information to drive continuous
improvement in safety performance. Identify areas of concern or opportunities for
enhancement and develop action plans to address them effectively.
2.The PDCA Cycle and Risk Management Elements in Monitoring and Measuring a
Safety Management System:
The PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act) cycle is a continuous improvement framework that can
be applied to monitor and measure a safety management system. In the context of risk
, management, the PDCA cycle can help organizations identify, assess, and control risks.
Here's an illustration of the PDCA cycle and its application to risk management:
a. Plan: Identify and assess risks, establish risk management objectives, and develop
risk control measures. This includes conducting risk assessments, setting targets, and
creating risk mitigation plans.
b. Do: Implement the planned risk control measures. This involves putting the identified
controls into action and ensuring they are effectively implemented across the
organization.
c. Check: Monitor and measure the effectiveness of the implemented controls. This
includes collecting data, conducting inspections, and analyzing safety performance
indicators to assess whether the intended risk reduction is achieved.
d. Act: Take corrective actions and make improvements based on the results of the
check phase. This involves reviewing the data and analysis, identifying areas for
improvement, and implementing changes to enhance the effectiveness of risk controls.
Risk management elements within the PDCA cycle can include risk identification, risk
assessment and evaluation, risk control implementation, and risk monitoring and review.
3The aim of safety audit and categories principles of safety audit compliance:
The aim of a safety audit is to assess the effectiveness of an organization's safety
management system and identify areas of improvement. Safety audits are conducted to
evaluate compliance with safety regulations, standards, and internal policies. They help
