AIS1501 MAY/JUNE EXAM 2023 (ANSWERS)

AIS1501 MAY/JUNE EXAM 2023 (ANSWERS) Clapman (2001) notes that in Africa ______________ came first and ____________ were formed within them. a. boundaries; states b. ethnicity; states c. coloniality; nations d. nations; provinces According to Michapoulos and Papaioannou (2016), the Ethnic Power Relations data set offers an assessment of formal and informal degrees of __________________ of _______________ groups in the political arena over the postindependence period. a. ethnic power; political b. governmental relations; ethnic c. economic participation; political d. political participation; ethnic Clapman (2001) notes that Europe believes it is the ______________ of the___________________ . a. originator, strong state b. founder, prosperous state c. founder, thriving state d. homeland, strong state According to Cappelen and Sorens (2018), when Africa was colonialised in the late nineteenth century, the European powers generally resorted to _____________ rule due to its _______________ advantages. a. direct; economic b. indirect; political c. indirect; cost d. direct; political According to Mwikali and Tanui (2021) in the pre-colonial period, ______________ was the hallmark of _________________ among the Akamba of Machakos. a. mining; economic growth b. agriculture; independence c. trading; economic growth d. livestock; wealth African nationalism refers to a subjective feeling of kingship of affinity shared by the people of African descent, embracing all the people within the state, regardless of ethnic, linguistic, or cultural differences. Select one: True False According to Cogneau, Dupraz and Somps (2018), Britain and France increased both internal taxation and subsidies to their colonies because of which of the following reasons: a. economic, political and social changes b. economic and political advantages c. political change in Africa and economic advantages d. political change in Europe, state capacity building and appeasement According to Cogneau, Dupraz and Somps (2018), Britain and France increased both internal taxation and subsidies to their colonies because of which of the following reasons: a. economic, political and social changes b. economic and political advantages c. political change in Africa and economic advantages d. political change in Europe, state capacity building and appeasement According to Cappelen and Sorens (2018), when the ___________________ society was highly decentralised _________________ rule was rare in Africa. a. pre-colonial; direct b. colonial; direct c. colonial; direct d. pre-colonial; indirect Clear my choice Previous page In the Congo Basin, archaeological evidence indicated that the _________________ Kingdom had more than 50 sites, including more than 300 burials, which document the emergence of social hierarchy by the end of the _________________. a. Buganda; first millennium b. Luba; first century c. Luba; first millennium d. Swahili; second century According to Harbeson, 'Rothschild civil society' refers to a society of civilised people. Select one: True False In the early _____________ period, when opposition to colonial rule was impossible or ineffective, _______________ became a vehicle for African dissent. a. colonial; politics b. colonial; religion c. post-colonial; culture d. post-colonial; United Nations The policy of colonial rule that best explains the divide-and-rule strategy is known as 'indirect rule'. Select one: True False Almost all African countries accepted the colonial borders when signing the Charter of the Organisation of African Union (OAU) in ____________, only _________________ did not accept the borders. a. 1965; Ethiopia b. 1964; Somalia and Morocco c. 1965; Liberia d. 1967; Ethiopia and Liberia The era of European control over the African continent is frequently referred to as the era of neo-colonialism. Select one: True False Switzerland is one of the countries that was a major colonising power in Africa. Select one: True False The extent to which ___________ state institutions clash with precolonial ones largely determines state capacity and ____________ on the continent. a. colonial; population growth b. postcolonial; economic growth c. postcolonial; democracy d. colonial; political growth The Congolese Nationalist Movement is the political party formed by Patrice Lumumba in 1958, which was associated with the rise of political consciousness in the Congo. Select one: True False According to Cappelean and Sorens (2018), the artificiality of borders came about because of either the _______________ lack of centralisation ___________________ unwillingness to rely on traditional institutions. a. Precolonial; postcolonial b. Precolonial; and the racial c. Precolonial, or colonial d. Postcolonial; and precolonial Clear my choice Previous page The incorporation of educated Africans into British society is one of the characteristics of British indirect rule. Select one: True False African nationalism, resistance movements and organisations sought to restore the _____________________ and ______________________ of Africans in Africa. a. humanity; degradation b. status; freedom c. equality; economic expansion d. equality; human rights According to Mwikali and Tanui (2021), the British used the_______________ to administer the East Africa Protectorate to fulfill its role of the Berlin Conference's requirement of effective occupation and the main objective was to take over the long-distance trade that had linked the ______________ interior to the coast. a. Dutch East Indian Company; Southern African b. Colonial British-Africa Company; North African c. Imperial British East Africa Company; East African d. British Company; South Western According to Clapham (2001), the key difference between the state formation in Europe and Africa is that the European nations created the states and their boundaries, while in Africa boundaries came before the states and the aspirant nations. Select one: True False According to Cappelen and Sorens (2018), states that have high capacity are known to enjoy ______________________ and ___________________________ . a. Better governance and lower risk of civil war b. Stable economy and territory c. Legitimacy and functioning public services d. Good public services and an honest judiciary. In Michapoulos and Papaioannou's (2016) article, they examine the effect of __________________ on ________________________, as this has been conjectured to be a major consequence of prolonged periods of violence in Africa. a. ethnic partitioning; civil conflict b. slavery; irredentism c. ethnic rivalry; clientelism d. slavery, the economic downfall Clear my choice Previous page Uganda gained independence in 1962 under the leadership of Milton Obete. Select one: True False It was the Ming Dynasty that colonised Nigeria in 1884. Select one: True False Generally, European states exist in order to express the identity of the groups of people who inhabit them. It is the community that defines the _________________ and _______________ to reflect the extent of the community. a. economics; political leadership b. state; boundaries c. economic capacity; military strength d. leadership; systems of rule Geopolitical Pan-African nationalists consist of those unique individuals who adopted a _______________, ________________ linkage approach to the liberation struggle. a. positive; direct b. macro; indirect c. macro; global d. micro; international The most striking fact is the great increase in expenditure per capita in the last decades of colonisation: it quadrupled between the end of ____________ and _____________. a. Cold War and pre-dependence b. Cold War and post-colonial era c. World War II and independence d. World War I and post-colonial era According to Baruah, Henderson, and Peng (2021), ___________ intensity of land use is much lower at the centre and, in contrast to ______________ cities, the gradient for the intensity of land use is flatter. a. Francophone, Saxophone b. Saxophone; Anglophone c. Anglophone, Francophone d. Anglophone, Britaphone Clear my choice Previous page According to Monroe (2013), state development in the Ethiopian highlands was also clearly the result of the complex relationship between _____________ and the shifting tides of ________________ in Antiquity. a. trade; precolonial trade b. politics, economic expansion c. urbanisation; trade d. local politics; long-distance trade A mutually-beneficial political relationship between unequal individuals/political actors is a defining feature of clientelism or a clientelist relationship. Select one: True False The leaders of newly-crafted African states believed that ______________ and ___________ would sideline ethnic divisions. a. redefining borders; democratic elections b. independent institutions; and good governance c. nation-building; democratic elections d. nation-building; industrialisation In 1989, the World Bank identified the crisis on the African continent as being one of 'governance'. Select one: True False According to Clapman (2001) Europe believes, Africa has states that are ______________ and _________________. a. failing and insufficient b. corrupt and weak c. weak and artificial d. failed and corrupt The process of _____________________ livestock and livestock products in a pastoral society took place in most pastoral societies in Kenya during the era of colonial rule. a. outsourcing b. marketing c. commercialising d. franchising The Cold War is one of the internal factors that gave impetus to the decolonisation movement, Select one: True False According to Nantambu (1998) the ________________ Pan-African nationalists are individuals whose deeds not only seek to challenge and destroy the________________ power structure and political control intent but also to serve as a positive, potent _________________ tool for African peoples. a. rebellious; colonial; democratic b. cultural; imperial, liberative c. revolutionary; European; liberative Ethiopia was colonised by Italy. Select one: True False _____________ insisted on the need for more self-government, while ___________ devised plans for assimilation of its colonies into a large polity. a. Germany; Britain b. Germany; France c. Britain; France d. France; Britain In East Africa, the populations respectively forming the Lake Kingdoms of Buganda, Ankole, Bunyoro, Burundi, and Rwanda were all countries. Select one: True False The following states namely; __________________ preceded the late 19th century process of African state formation. a. Botswana, Lesotho, Mozambique and Somalia b. Somalia, Kenya, Liberia and Libya c. Rwanda, Somalia, Lesotho, Liberia and Ethiopia d. Kenya, Ghana, Libya and Lesotho Long before Africa was formally partitioned. European powers had ______________, _______________ and ____________ on the African coast well before the formal partition, which took place in 1884 to 1885. a. political, social and economic institutions b. mission schools, companies and slaves c. small trading stations, coastal colonies and posts d. universities, colleges and economic institutionS