INS1502 MAY/JUNE EXAM ANSWERS 2023

INS1502 MAY/JUNE EXAM ANSWERS 2023 QUESTIONS ASKED A valuable technique to interact with academic text and to support learning is … a. podcasting b. copying c. note-taking d. recording c. note-taking Note-taking is a valuable technique to interact with academic text and support learning. It involves actively engaging with the material, summarizing key points, and organizing information in a way that makes it easier to understand and remember. By taking notes, learners can enhance their comprehension, identify important concepts, and create a personalized reference for future review. Effective note-taking strategies include summarizing main ideas, using abbreviations and symbols, highlighting or underlining key points, and organizing information in a logical manner. You are searching an online library catalogue for primary sources about the author Miriam Tlali. Which search strategy will be best for your next search to locate these sources? a. title b. keyword c. author d. subject c. author To locate primary sources about the author Miriam Tlali, the best search strategy would be to use the author search option. Selecting the "author" option in the online library catalogue allows you to search specifically for materials written by Miriam Tlali. This strategy will help you find primary sources such as books, articles, or other publications authored by Miriam Tlali herself, providing direct access to her work and insights. The main advantage of the Internet is … a. guaranteed stable access to data b. the ease of access to resources c. cheaper access than a library d. it contains only verified information b. the ease of access to resources The main advantage of the Internet is the ease of access to resources. The Internet provides a vast amount of information and content that can be accessed quickly and conveniently from anywhere with an internet connection. With just a few clicks or searches, users can access a wide range of information, including articles, books, research papers, websites, multimedia content, and more. This accessibility to diverse resources allows for efficient information gathering, research, and learning. However, it's important to note that the Internet also requires critical evaluation of sources as not all information available online is reliable or verified (contrary to option d). The Deep Web on the Internet … a. is smaller than the visible web b. is indexed by web search engines c. uses GoogleGroups d. requires web directories to search a. is smaller than the visible web The Deep Web, also known as the Invisible Web or Hidden Web, refers to the portion of the Internet that is not indexed or easily accessible through search engines. It includes content that is not publicly available or searchable through traditional search engine queries. The Deep Web is estimated to be significantly larger than the surface or visible web, which consists of web pages that are indexed and can be accessed through search engines like Google. The Deep Web includes content behind paywalls, private databases, password-protected sites, online banking systems, email services, and other restricted access platforms. Therefore, option a is the correct statement about the Deep Web. Which statement about the concept of data is true? a. It can form a system on its own and gains meaning independent of context. b. It requires interpretation to acquire meaning. c. It is something used by agreement within a social group to represent certain ideas. d. It exists like trees and grass without human involvement. b. It requires interpretation to acquire meaning. The statement that is true about the concept of data is that it requires interpretation to acquire meaning. Data, in its raw form, consists of facts, figures, or symbols that are collected and recorded. However, data on its own is often meaningless and lacks context. To derive meaning and usefulness from data, it needs to be processed, analyzed, and interpreted. Interpretation involves examining the data in relation to a specific context, considering its relevance, patterns, relationships, and drawing conclusions or making informed decisions based on the analyzed data. Therefore, option b accurately reflects the nature of data. The OPAC of the Unisa Library is a/an … a. Online cataloguing system for finding information sources in the specific library b. Interlibrary Loan system c. Classification system designed to control knowledge d. System for classifying information sources according to subjects a. Online cataloguing system for finding information sources in the specific library The OPAC (Online Public Access Catalog) of the Unisa Library refers to an online cataloguing system specifically designed to help users find information sources within the library. It serves as a searchable database that provides access to the library's collection of books, journals, media, and other resources. Users can use the OPAC to search for specific titles, authors, subjects, or keywords to locate relevant materials available within the Unisa Library. Therefore, option a accurately describes the purpose and function of the OPAC in the context of the Unisa Library. A well-planned search strategy on a specific topic endeavours to achieve: a. high precision b. horizontal searching c. increased web usage d. high recall a. high precision A well-planned search strategy on a specific topic aims to achieve high precision. Precision refers to the ability to retrieve relevant information while minimizing irrelevant or unrelated results. A well-planned search strategy involves carefully selecting and using appropriate keywords, utilizing search operators, narrowing down search parameters, and employing advanced search techniques. By focusing on precision, the search strategy helps to ensure that the retrieved results are highly relevant to the topic of interest, saving time and improving the efficiency of the search process. What is another term used in Unisa’s Policy for Copyright Infringement and Plagiarism for the habit of copying and pasting? a. verbatim copying b. patch-writing c. paraphrasing d. fair use b. patch-writing In Unisa's Policy for Copyright Infringement and Plagiarism, the term used for the habit of copying and pasting is "patch-writing." Patch-writing refers to the practice of copying sections of text from a source and then making minor alterations, such as substituting a few words or rearranging sentence structures, without properly attributing the original source. It is considered a form of plagiarism where the writer attempts to conceal the act of copying by making superficial changes to the text. Unisa's policy emphasizes the importance of originality and proper citation practices to maintain academic integrity. Indexing and abstracting sources are … a. used to collect information published in periodical articles b. consulted by librarians in libraries only c. useful tools for art students to understand abstract paintings d. used without any knowledge of search techniques a. used to collect information published in periodical articles Indexing and abstracting sources are tools used to collect information published in periodical articles. These sources compile and organize information from various journals, magazines, and other periodicals, making it easier for researchers and users to locate specific articles or access relevant information on a particular topic. Indexing involves creating an index of keywords, subjects, authors, and other metadata to provide a comprehensive overview of the articles available in a specific collection or field. Abstracting involves summarizing the key points and main ideas of the articles, providing a concise summary to help users determine the relevance and content of the articles before accessing the full text. These tools are widely used by researchers, students, and professionals to facilitate information retrieval and stay up to date with the latest research published in their respective fields. Which text operator is used to search for keyword phrases? a. + b. " " c. * d. ? b. " " The text operator used to search for keyword phrases is the quotation marks (" "). When you enclose a phrase within quotation marks in a search query, it indicates to the search engine that you want to find results that include that specific phrase, rather than individual words scattered throughout the text. This helps narrow down the search results to pages or documents that contain the exact keyword phrase within the quotes. For example, searching for "climate change" within quotation marks will retrieve results that specifically mention the phrase "climate change," rather than pages that only include the individual words "climate" and "change" separately. When is it ethical to use the ideas of someone else in an academic task? a. It is never ethical to do so b. Only when you receive their permission c. Only when you give them credit d. Only if published in an academic work c. Only when you give them credit It is generally considered ethical to use the ideas of someone else in an academic task when you give them credit. This means properly acknowledging the original source by citing it in your work. Crediting the original author or source is essential to avoid plagiarism and to uphold academic integrity. By providing proper attribution, you demonstrate respect for intellectual property and give recognition to the original creator of the ideas or information you are using. It is important to follow the specific citation guidelines or referencing style required by your academic institution or discipline to ensure that you appropriately give credit to the original sources. You want to find information on "tax laws" but not "company tax laws." Which text operator will you use to exclude "company tax laws"? a. - b. * c. " " d. + a. - The text operator used to exclude specific terms or phrases from a search query is the minus sign or hyphen (-). To find information on "tax laws" but exclude "company tax laws," you can use the minus sign to exclude the term "company" from your search. For example, you can search for "tax laws -company" to retrieve results related to tax laws but exclude those specifically related to company tax laws. The minus sign helps to narrow down the search results by excluding specific terms or phrases that you don't want to be included in the search. Which statement is true about the Internet? a. The quality of the internet is affected by bandwidth. b. Information on the Internet is checked for bias. c. It guarantees the protection of privacy rights. d. Social networking development has reached its limit. a. The quality of the internet is affected by bandwidth. The statement that is true about the Internet is that its quality is affected by bandwidth. Bandwidth refers to the capacity or speed at which data can be transmitted over a network connection. The available bandwidth can impact the performance and quality of internet connectivity. Higher bandwidth allows for faster data transfer, resulting in a smoother and more responsive internet experience. Insufficient bandwidth can lead to slower connections, buffering issues, and decreased overall internet performance. Bandwidth limitations can affect activities such as streaming videos, downloading large files, or accessing content-heavy websites. Therefore, option a accurately reflects the relationship between bandwidth and the quality of the Internet. To find out if the Unisa library subscribes to the Journal of South African Law, you would look in: a. the library catalogue b. a periodical index c. a law database d. the reference section a. the library catalogue To find out if the Unisa library subscribes to the Journal of South African Law, you would look in the library catalogue. The library catalogue is a comprehensive database that provides information about the resources available within the library's collection, including books, journals, magazines, and other materials. By searching the library catalogue, you can determine whether the library holds a subscription to the Journal of South African Law and locate relevant issues or volumes. The catalogue entry for the journal would typically provide details such as the call number, availability, and any restrictions or access limitations. Therefore, option a is the most appropriate choice to find this information within the Unisa library. The Dewey Decimal Classification system divides knowledge … a. alphabetically b. chronologically c. by subject d. randomly c. by subject The Dewey Decimal Classification system divides knowledge by subject. It is a widely used library classification system that organizes books and other library materials into distinct subject categories. The system assigns a unique numerical code to each subject area, allowing for systematic arrangement and easy retrieval of materials based on their subject matter. The Dewey Decimal Classification system covers a wide range of subjects and provides a hierarchical structure that breaks down knowledge into various disciplines, sub-disciplines, and specific topics. By categorizing materials according to subject, the Dewey Decimal Classification system helps users navigate library collections efficiently and locate resources related to their areas of interest. Therefore, option c accurately describes how the Dewey Decimal Classification system divides knowledge. You have to give a speech on steroids used by athletes. Using an internet search engine, you search for the term steroids. Your result list has thousands of results. Many results are trying to sell you a product, called creatine. To remove these irrelevant results, you change your search terms to read as follows: a. steroids NOT creatine b. steroids AND athletes NOT creatine c. steroids OR creatine d. steroids OR athletes AND creatine a. steroids NOT creatine To remove the irrelevant results related to the product called creatine, you would use the search term "steroids NOT creatine." This search query will exclude any web pages or articles that mention the term "creatine" from the search results. By using the "NOT" operator, you are specifying that you want to retrieve results that include the term "steroids" but exclude any mention of "creatine." This helps to filter out unwanted results and focus on the specific topic of steroids used by athletes. An academic assignment must be organised. One way to achieve this is to … a. use topic sentences and paragraphs b. write in the third person c. create multiple tabs d. use differently coloured text a. use topic sentences and paragraphs One way to achieve organization in an academic assignment is to use topic sentences and paragraphs. Topic sentences act as a guide for the reader, introducing the main idea or theme of a paragraph. Each paragraph should focus on a specific topic or subtopic related to the overall assignment. By using topic sentences, you create a logical flow of ideas and provide clear transitions between different sections or arguments in your assignment. This helps the reader understand the structure and organization of your work, making it easier to follow and comprehend. Using well-constructed paragraphs further contributes to the organization by grouping related ideas together and presenting them in a coherent manner. The abbreviation that is used to describe the problems experienced with poor information capturing in databases is: a. URL b. LOL c. GIGO d. ISO c. GIGO The abbreviation that is used to describe the problems experienced with poor information capturing in databases is GIGO, which stands for "Garbage In, Garbage Out." GIGO is a concept that emphasizes the importance of input quality in determining the output or results produced by a system or process, particularly in the context of computing and information systems. It suggests that if incorrect or low-quality data is entered into a database or system, the resulting output or information generated will also be flawed or of poor quality. GIGO serves as a reminder that the accuracy, completeness, and reliability of information depend on the quality of the data inputted into the system. The last stage before submission of an assignment is … a. proofreading b. compiling the table of contents c. adding the list of references d. drawing up a work plan a. proofreading The last stage before submission of an assignment is typically proofreading. Proofreading involves carefully reviewing and checking your work for errors, inconsistencies, and typos. It is an essential step to ensure that your assignment is free from spelling mistakes, grammatical errors, and formatting issues. By proofreading, you can improve the overall clarity, coherence, and quality of your assignment before submitting it. This final check allows you to catch any mistakes or make necessary revisions to enhance the overall presentation and accuracy of your work. While compiling the table of contents, adding the list of references, and drawing up a work plan are important tasks in the assignment process, they usually occur earlier in the assignment preparation stages and are typically completed prior to the final proofreading stage. Someone who is familiar with bibliographic tools can be described as … a. media literate b. functionally literate c. library literate d. computer literate c. library literate Someone who is familiar with bibliographic tools can be described as library literate. Library literacy refers to the ability to effectively navigate and utilize library resources, including bibliographic tools such as library catalogs, databases, citation management software, and other tools and services provided by libraries. Library literate individuals possess the skills and knowledge required to locate, evaluate, and access information from library collections, as well as understand how to use bibliographic tools to conduct research, find relevant sources, and properly cite and manage references. Being library literate is important for students, researchers, and anyone seeking reliable and accurate information from library sources. What is the visual display of a topic called? a. flow charting b. mind mapping c. referencing d. brainstorming b. mind mapping The visual display of a topic is called mind mapping. Mind mapping is a technique that visually represents ideas, concepts, and relationships using a hierarchical structure. It typically starts with a central topic or idea, which is then connected to related subtopics or branches through lines or branches. Mind maps are often created using diagrams or software tools that allow for flexible and dynamic representation of information. This visual representation helps to organize and visualize the connections between different aspects of a topic, making it easier to understand and generate new ideas. Mind mapping is a popular tool for brainstorming, notetaking, planning, and problem-solving. Which statement is correct regarding an information task? a. All the information found must be used, even if not directly relevant. b. The information included must be substantiated. c. Only the study guide must be used to find information. d. Information in printed sources is always unbiased. b. The information included must be substantiated. The statement that is correct regarding an information task is that the information included must be substantiated. When conducting research or completing an information task, it is important to use reliable and credible sources of information. Substantiated information refers to information that is supported by evidence, facts, and reliable sources. Including substantiated information helps ensure the accuracy, credibility, and reliability of the information being presented or used in the task. It is crucial to critically evaluate sources, consider the authority and expertise of the authors or publishers, and verify the information through multiple reputable sources before including it in an information task. You wrote an essay on weather patterns in Durban. As part of the assignment, you had to integrate the rainfall statistics supplied by the Weather Bureau into your discussion. You can discuss these statistics with your peers. The statistics now form part of your: a. data b. knowledge c. information d. wisdom a. data The rainfall statistics supplied by the Weather Bureau that you integrated into your essay on weather patterns in Durban would be considered part of your data. Data refers to raw facts, figures, measurements, or statistics that have been collected and can be analyzed or interpreted to extract meaningful information. In this case, the rainfall statistics are the raw data that you obtained from the Weather Bureau. By incorporating these statistics into your essay, you are utilizing them as evidence or supporting information to strengthen your discussion and analysis of weather patterns in Durban. Data becomes information when it is processed, analyzed, and interpreted, leading to the generation of knowledge and potentially wisdom. Which word(s) or concept(s) in the following topic indicates what must be discussed in the task? “In an essay of 1200 words, explain why South Africa needs more social workers to play a role in combatting AIDS in rural areas in particular.” a. explain b. AIDS; social workers c. 1200 words d. play; combatting b. AIDS; social workers The words or concepts in the given topic that indicate what must be discussed in the task are "AIDS" and "social workers." The topic specifically mentions the need for more social workers to play a role in combatting AIDS, particularly in rural areas. This suggests that the essay should focus on the importance of social workers in addressing the challenges related to AIDS in rural areas of South Africa. The discussion should explore the reasons why South Africa requires an increased presence of social workers in combating the AIDS epidemic, emphasizing their specific roles, responsibilities, and potential impact. Which citation is correct for a website? a. University of Hull. Essays: A detailed look at planning and writing them. Available online: (Accessed: 7 June 2021). b. University of Hull. (2019). Essays: A detailed look at planning and writing them. on 7 June 2021). c. Essays: a detailed look at planning and writing them. University of Hull. March 2021. d. University of Hull. 2019. Essays: a detailed look at planning and writing them. June 2021). b. University of Hull. (2019). Essays: A detailed look at planning and writing them. (Accessed on 7 June 2021). Option b is the correct citation format for a website. It includes the necessary elements such as the author or organization responsible for the website (University of Hull), the year of publication (2019), the title of the webpage ("Essays: A detailed look at planning and writing them"), the URL of the webpage ( on 7 June 2021). This format follows common citation guidelines for online sources and provides sufficient information for readers to locate and verify the webpage. You have been assigned a brief task to discuss recent political activity in the Middle East. In which source would you find the most current information? a. online newspaper index b. online yearbook c. online encyclopaedia d. online interactive atlas a. online newspaper index To find the most current information on recent political activity in the Middle East, the source that would likely provide the most upto-date information is an online newspaper index. Online newspaper indexes or databases provide access to a wide range of news articles from various newspapers and news sources. These indexes are frequently updated with the latest news stories and provide a comprehensive coverage of current events. By searching the online newspaper index using relevant keywords related to the Middle East and political activity, you can access recent news articles and reports that discuss and analyze the latest political developments in the region. South African students’ preferred way to access information seems to be: a. podcasts b. personal computers c. smartphones d. word of mouth c. smartphones South African students' preferred way to access information seems to be through smartphones. Smartphones have become increasingly prevalent and accessible, offering students a convenient and portable means of accessing information. With the widespread availability of mobile data and internet connectivity, smartphones provide students with instant access to various sources of information, such as websites, online databases, e-books, and educational apps. The convenience, mobility, and versatility of smartphones make them a popular choice among students for accessing information on the go. A web tool that helps to manage the flood of information found on the Internet, is called a … a. blog b. portal c. vlog d. Wiki b. portal A web tool that helps to manage the flood of information found on the Internet is called a portal. A portal is a website or online platform that serves as a centralized gateway to various resources, services, and information. It typically provides users with a customized interface that allows them to access and organize content from different sources. Portals can aggregate information from multiple websites, offer personalized features such as news feeds, email, calendars, and provide links to relevant resources based on user preferences or specific topics of interest. By serving as a hub for information, a portal can assist in managing the abundance of information available on the Internet and help users navigate and find relevant content more efficiently. Which characteristic is NOT useful in evaluating the quality and content of the information in the sources you obtained online? a. advertisements that show up in the results b. author affiliation c. completeness of the information d. currency at the time of the search a. advertisements that show up in the results Advertisements that show up in the results are not useful in evaluating the quality and content of the information in the sources obtained online. Advertisements are separate from the actual content of the sources and are often influenced by commercial interests. They are not indicators of the quality, credibility, or reliability of the information presented in the sources themselves. While it is important to be aware of advertisements and understand their presence on websites or search engine results, they should not be considered as criteria for evaluating the information or content within the sources. Instead, factors such as author affiliation, completeness of information, and currency at the time of the search are more relevant and useful for assessing the quality and reliability of the information obtained online. In considering the following citation, what does "16 December 2021" represent? Gnuworld. 2020. Bandwidth in South Africa: strangling our economy? a. subscription date b. date retrieved c. date of printing d. date of publication b. date retrieved In the given citation, "16 December 2021" represents the date when the webpage or source was accessed or retrieved. In citations, it is common to include the date of access or retrieval to provide information on when the source was consulted by the author. This is important because web content can be updated or changed over time, and including the date of access helps readers understand the context and version of the source that the author used for their work. The date of access is typically provided in parentheses or as part of the citation to indicate the specific date when the source was accessed. Which search strategy would return the least results? a. AIDS OR Covid-19 OR TB b. AIDS AND Covid-19 OR TB c. AIDS AND Covid-19 d. AIDS OR Covid-19 OR TB c. AIDS AND Covid-19 The search strategy that would return the least results is option c, "AIDS AND Covid-19." By using the "AND" operator between two terms, the search results will only include documents or sources that contain both the term "AIDS" and "Covid-19." This search strategy narrows down the results by requiring the presence of both terms, resulting in a more specific and focused set of results. In contrast, options a, b, and d use the "OR" operator, which broadens the search and includes results that contain any of the specified terms. Therefore, option c would return the least results. Dick, AL. 2002. South Africa’s information industry and Mbeki’s African Renaissance. Mousaion 20(1):23-27. The reference above is a bibliographic citation for a … a. journal article b. chapter in a book c. personal interview with AL Dick d. conference proceedings a. journal article The reference provided, "Dick, AL. 2002. South Africa’s information industry and Mbeki’s African Renaissance. Mousaion 20(1):23- 27," is a bibliographic citation for a journal article. The format of the citation includes the author's name (AL Dick), the year of publication (2002), the title of the article ("South Africa's information industry and Mbeki's African Renaissance"), the title of the journal (Mousaion), the volume number (20), the issue number (1), and the page range (23-27). These elements typically appear in a journal article citation, which is used to reference articles published in scholarly or academic journals. Is it true or false that libraries became the main storage facility of information since the development of digital technology in recent years? Select one: True False False It is false that libraries became the main storage facility of information since the development of digital technology in recent years. While libraries continue to play a vital role in preserving and providing access to information, the advent of digital technology and the internet have significantly transformed the storage and dissemination of information. Digital technology allows for the creation, storage, and sharing of vast amounts of information in various digital formats, leading to the proliferation of online databases, digital libraries, and digital content platforms. These digital resources, along with the widespread availability of information on the internet, have diversified the sources and methods of accessing information, reducing the sole reliance on libraries as the main storage facility. You must compile a list of sources with relevant references for a specific topic. Which of these options will be most useful to find the information? a. dictionaries and encyclopaedias b. textbooks and journals c. library catalogue d. conference proceedings b. textbooks and journals To compile a list of sources with relevant references for a specific topic, textbooks and journals would be the most useful options. Textbooks provide comprehensive coverage of a subject, offering foundational knowledge, explanations, and analysis. They are often written by experts in the field and provide a good starting point for understanding the topic. Journals, on the other hand, are a valuable source of scholarly research and up-to-date information. They contain original research articles, reviews, and analyses written by researchers and experts in the respective fields. Journals undergo rigorous peer-review processes to ensure the quality and accuracy of the information presented. Both textbooks and journals provide authoritative and reliable sources of information, making them essential for academic research and reference purposes. They offer in-depth exploration of topics, comprehensive analyses, and references to other relevant sources. Therefore, textbooks and journals would be the most useful options for finding information and compiling a list of sources with relevant references. Which statement describes the right to privacy? a. The personal information of an individual is protected from public access and scrutiny. b. Cybercrime is not related to privacy concerns. c. Public institutions do not need policies to define under what circumstances authorisation can be obtained or not. d. Public institutions do not need policies to define under what circumstances authorisation can be obtained or not. a. The personal information of an individual is protected from public access and scrutiny. The statement that describes the right to privacy is option a. The right to privacy refers to the protection of an individual's personal information and the right to keep that information private, limiting access and scrutiny from the public or unauthorized entities. Privacy encompasses various aspects, including personal data, communications, personal space, and autonomy over one's personal life. It is a fundamental human right recognized by international conventions and laws in many countries. The right to privacy ensures that individuals have control over their personal information and can decide how it is collected, used, and shared by others. Information literacy relates mainly to: a. reading, writing and verbal skills b. understanding symbols and signs c. obtaining sources from the Internet and the library d. accessing, understanding and evaluating information d. accessing, understanding and evaluating information Information literacy primarily relates to accessing, understanding, and evaluating information. It encompasses a set of skills and competencies that enable individuals to effectively find, evaluate, interpret, and use information from various sources. Information literacy involves understanding how information is organized, knowing how to search for information using different tools and resources (including the internet and libraries), critically evaluating the quality and reliability of information, and ethically using and citing information in different contexts. It goes beyond simply obtaining information and extends to the ability to navigate and make sense of the vast amount of information available in today's digital age. Which statement about attribution is true? a. Textbooks and study guides are not referenced in assignments. b. Plagiarism is acceptable if used in a news article. c. You need to document sources for graphs, tables and charts. d. If you paraphrase the main idea of an article, you use quotations marks, not references. c. You need to document sources for graphs, tables, and charts. The statement that is true about attribution is option c. When using graphs, tables, and charts in assignments or research papers, it is necessary to document or attribute the sources of these visual elements. This means providing proper citations or references to indicate where the graphs, tables, or charts were obtained from or created based on. Attribution is essential for giving credit to the original sources, acknowledging the intellectual property rights, and allowing readers to locate the specific sources for further information or verification. Whether the visual elements are created by the author or sourced from external materials, it is important to provide proper attribution to ensure academic integrity and ethical use of information. Which statement about open educational resources is true? a. It provides free access to online research material. b. It exists as a result of social media resources. c. It is not subject to any intellectual property licensing. d. It does not have to be acknowledged in assignments. a. It provides free access to online research material. The statement that is true about open educational resources (OER) is option a. OER refers to educational materials that are freely available for use, sharing, and adaptation. These resources can include textbooks, lecture notes, videos, quizzes, and other learning materials that are made accessible online at no cost. The aim of OER is to promote equitable access to education and provide opportunities for learners to access high-quality educational materials without financial barriers. While OER materials are freely available, they still retain certain intellectual property rights and are typically released under open licenses, such as Creative Commons licenses, which define the permissions for use, adaptation, and sharing. OER encourages the sharing and collaborative development of educational resources, benefiting learners, educators, and institutions worldwide. Which type of reference source will you use to find the meaning of the Russian word “Matryoshka”? a. thesaurus b. subject dictionary c. language dictionary d. bibliographical dictionary c. language dictionary To find the meaning of the Russian word "Matryoshka," you would use a language dictionary. A language dictionary provides definitions, translations, and explanations of words in a specific language. In this case, a Russian language dictionary would provide the meaning of "Matryoshka" in English or provide contextual information about the word, such as its usage, origin, or cultural significance. Language dictionaries are useful tools for understanding the meanings of words in different languages and can help language learners, translators, and individuals seeking to comprehend foreign words or expressions. Why should you always double check your citations if you use an electronic citation tool such as RefWorks or Mendeley? Indicate the incorrect option. a. The information may not export correctly b. The citation tool may be out of date c. The citation may not format correctly d. The citation may not format correctly b. The citation tool may be out of date The incorrect option is b. "The citation tool may be out of date." While it is important to double-check your citations when using electronic citation tools like RefWorks or Mendeley, the reason for doing so is not that the citation tool may be out of date. Electronic citation tools are designed to stay up to date with current citation styles and formatting guidelines. However, errors or issues can still occur during the export or formatting process, which is why it is necessary to review and verify the accuracy of the citations generated by the tool. The correct reasons for double-checking your citations when using electronic citation tools include: a. The information may not export correctly: Sometimes, when exporting citations from databases or websites into citation tools, the data may not transfer accurately or completely. It is important to verify that all the necessary information is included in the citation. c. The citation may not format correctly: Depending on the specific citation style or formatting requirements, there may be instances where the citation tool does not properly format the citation according to the desired style. It is crucial to ensure that the citations are formatted correctly and consistently. d. The citation may contain errors or inaccuracies: Electronic citation tools are not infallible, and they can occasionally generate incorrect or incomplete citations. It is essential to review the citations for any errors, missing information, or inconsistencies. By double-checking citations, you can ensure their accuracy, completeness, and adherence to the specific citation style you are using