Juta’s Complete
Textbook of Medical
Surgical Nursing
Sophie Mogotlane (general editor), Motshedisi Chauke,
Mokgadi Matlakala, Joyce Mokoena & Anne Young
,Juta’s Complete Textbook of
Medical Surgical Nursing
Sophie Mogotlane (general editor)
Motshedisi Chauke
Mokgadi Matlakala
Joyce Mokoena
Anne Young
, Disclaimer
In the writing of this book, every effort has been made to present accurate and up-to-date information from
the best and most reliable sources. However, the results of healthcare professionals depend on a variety of
factors that are beyond the control of the authors and publishers. Therefore, neither the authors nor the
publishers assume responsibility for, nor make any warranty with regards to, the outcomes achieved from the
procedures described in this book.
Juta’s Complete Textbook of Medical Surgical Nursing
First published 2013
Print edition first published 2013
© 2013 Juta & Company Ltd
1st Floor, Sunclare Building
21 Dreyer Street
Claremont
7708
South Africa
ISBN 978 0 7021 8901 2 (Parent)
ISBN 978 0 7021 9736 9 (WebPDF)
All rights reserved. No part of this electronic publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by
any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval
system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. Subject to any applicable licensing terms and
conditions in the case of electronically supplied publications, a person may engage in fair dealing with a copy of
this publication for his or her personal or private use, or his or her research or private study. See Section 12(1)(a)
of the Copyright Act 98 of 1978.
Project Manager: Karen Froneman
Editor: Annette de Villiers
Proofreader: Pat Hanekom
Typesetter: Lebone Publishing Services
Cover designer: The Pumphaus Design Studio
Illustrations: Bronwen Lusted, Lyn de la Motte and Rassie Erasmus
Indexer: Lexinfo
The authors and the publisher have made every effort to obtain permission for and acknowledge the use of
copyright material. Should any infringement of copyright have occurred, please contact the publisher, and every
effort will be made to rectify omissions or errors, in the event of an update or new edition.
, Table of contents
List of figures ...................................................... xii Meeting the spiritual needs of the patient.......... 38
List of tables ....................................................... xiv Religious beliefs and practices regarding health 38
About the contributors ....................................... xx Conclusion........................................................ 40
Preface ............................................................... xxi Suggested activities for learners ........................ 41
List of abbreviations ............................................ xxii
Chapter 4: Safety in nursing practice ............. 42
Chapter 1: Applicable concepts in nursing Introduction...................................................... 42
practice ............................................................. 1 Overview of the general aspects of safety.......... 43
Safety in the community and the environment... 43
Introduction...................................................... 1
Safety in the home............................................. 44
The meaning of health....................................... 2
Safety of patients in the healthcare institution.... 44
Selected theories of nursing............................... 6
Common safety issues in healthcare.................. 48
The role of the nurse throughout the lifespan..... 9
Identification and management of risks in the
Practising nursing within the legal, ethical and
healthcare environment..................................... 49
professional framework..................................... 11
Safety of the person, name and possessions of
Ethical principles in nursing.............................. 12
patients............................................................. 55
Ethical decision making..................................... 13
Refusal of hospital treatment............................. 57
Approaches to healthcare delivery systems in
Identification of patients.................................... 57
South Africa...................................................... 17
First aid............................................................. 57
Conclusion........................................................ 18
Burns and scalds............................................... 57
Suggested activities for learners ........................ 19
Poisoning.......................................................... 58
Conclusion........................................................ 59
Chapter 2: Practising nursing within a
Suggested activities for learners ........................ 59
culturally diverse society ................................. 20
Introduction...................................................... 21 Chapter 5: Hygiene and grooming needs ...... 60
The concept of culture....................................... 22
Introduction...................................................... 60
The importance of culture................................. 22
The meaning of hygiene.................................... 60
Cultural issues in healthcare.............................. 23
Factors that influence hygienic practices............ 60
Cultural perspectives on health and illness........ 25
Nursing assessment of hygiene and grooming.... 61
Integrative and complementary healthcare........ 26
Common clinical problems............................... 63
Collaborative, comprehensive and/or alternative
Essential health promotion and health education 68
healthcare provision ......................................... 26
Conclusion........................................................ 68
A nurse’s interface with different cultures.......... 27
Suggested activities for learners ........................ 69
Culture and communication.............................. 28
Essential patient/family teaching........................ 29 Chapter 6: Nutrition needs .............................. 70
Conclusion........................................................ 30
Suggested activities for learners ........................ 30 Introduction...................................................... 72
Understanding nutrition.................................... 72
Chapter 3: Bio-psychosocial needs ................. 31 Nutrition in relation to health............................ 72
Nutrients........................................................... 73
Introduction...................................................... 32
Water/Fluid....................................................... 86
Bio-psychosocial theories.................................. 32
Factors affecting nutrients in food...................... 87
Physical needs................................................... 32
Factors affecting food intake.............................. 87
Psychosocial needs........................................... 35
Nutritional considerations at various stages of life 89
Spiritual needs................................................... 37
Nutritional support............................................ 90
Textbook of Medical
Surgical Nursing
Sophie Mogotlane (general editor), Motshedisi Chauke,
Mokgadi Matlakala, Joyce Mokoena & Anne Young
,Juta’s Complete Textbook of
Medical Surgical Nursing
Sophie Mogotlane (general editor)
Motshedisi Chauke
Mokgadi Matlakala
Joyce Mokoena
Anne Young
, Disclaimer
In the writing of this book, every effort has been made to present accurate and up-to-date information from
the best and most reliable sources. However, the results of healthcare professionals depend on a variety of
factors that are beyond the control of the authors and publishers. Therefore, neither the authors nor the
publishers assume responsibility for, nor make any warranty with regards to, the outcomes achieved from the
procedures described in this book.
Juta’s Complete Textbook of Medical Surgical Nursing
First published 2013
Print edition first published 2013
© 2013 Juta & Company Ltd
1st Floor, Sunclare Building
21 Dreyer Street
Claremont
7708
South Africa
ISBN 978 0 7021 8901 2 (Parent)
ISBN 978 0 7021 9736 9 (WebPDF)
All rights reserved. No part of this electronic publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by
any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval
system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. Subject to any applicable licensing terms and
conditions in the case of electronically supplied publications, a person may engage in fair dealing with a copy of
this publication for his or her personal or private use, or his or her research or private study. See Section 12(1)(a)
of the Copyright Act 98 of 1978.
Project Manager: Karen Froneman
Editor: Annette de Villiers
Proofreader: Pat Hanekom
Typesetter: Lebone Publishing Services
Cover designer: The Pumphaus Design Studio
Illustrations: Bronwen Lusted, Lyn de la Motte and Rassie Erasmus
Indexer: Lexinfo
The authors and the publisher have made every effort to obtain permission for and acknowledge the use of
copyright material. Should any infringement of copyright have occurred, please contact the publisher, and every
effort will be made to rectify omissions or errors, in the event of an update or new edition.
, Table of contents
List of figures ...................................................... xii Meeting the spiritual needs of the patient.......... 38
List of tables ....................................................... xiv Religious beliefs and practices regarding health 38
About the contributors ....................................... xx Conclusion........................................................ 40
Preface ............................................................... xxi Suggested activities for learners ........................ 41
List of abbreviations ............................................ xxii
Chapter 4: Safety in nursing practice ............. 42
Chapter 1: Applicable concepts in nursing Introduction...................................................... 42
practice ............................................................. 1 Overview of the general aspects of safety.......... 43
Safety in the community and the environment... 43
Introduction...................................................... 1
Safety in the home............................................. 44
The meaning of health....................................... 2
Safety of patients in the healthcare institution.... 44
Selected theories of nursing............................... 6
Common safety issues in healthcare.................. 48
The role of the nurse throughout the lifespan..... 9
Identification and management of risks in the
Practising nursing within the legal, ethical and
healthcare environment..................................... 49
professional framework..................................... 11
Safety of the person, name and possessions of
Ethical principles in nursing.............................. 12
patients............................................................. 55
Ethical decision making..................................... 13
Refusal of hospital treatment............................. 57
Approaches to healthcare delivery systems in
Identification of patients.................................... 57
South Africa...................................................... 17
First aid............................................................. 57
Conclusion........................................................ 18
Burns and scalds............................................... 57
Suggested activities for learners ........................ 19
Poisoning.......................................................... 58
Conclusion........................................................ 59
Chapter 2: Practising nursing within a
Suggested activities for learners ........................ 59
culturally diverse society ................................. 20
Introduction...................................................... 21 Chapter 5: Hygiene and grooming needs ...... 60
The concept of culture....................................... 22
Introduction...................................................... 60
The importance of culture................................. 22
The meaning of hygiene.................................... 60
Cultural issues in healthcare.............................. 23
Factors that influence hygienic practices............ 60
Cultural perspectives on health and illness........ 25
Nursing assessment of hygiene and grooming.... 61
Integrative and complementary healthcare........ 26
Common clinical problems............................... 63
Collaborative, comprehensive and/or alternative
Essential health promotion and health education 68
healthcare provision ......................................... 26
Conclusion........................................................ 68
A nurse’s interface with different cultures.......... 27
Suggested activities for learners ........................ 69
Culture and communication.............................. 28
Essential patient/family teaching........................ 29 Chapter 6: Nutrition needs .............................. 70
Conclusion........................................................ 30
Suggested activities for learners ........................ 30 Introduction...................................................... 72
Understanding nutrition.................................... 72
Chapter 3: Bio-psychosocial needs ................. 31 Nutrition in relation to health............................ 72
Nutrients........................................................... 73
Introduction...................................................... 32
Water/Fluid....................................................... 86
Bio-psychosocial theories.................................. 32
Factors affecting nutrients in food...................... 87
Physical needs................................................... 32
Factors affecting food intake.............................. 87
Psychosocial needs........................................... 35
Nutritional considerations at various stages of life 89
Spiritual needs................................................... 37
Nutritional support............................................ 90
