3.0 BACE Exam Question and Answer 2023

The invention of the thermal cycler The use of reverse transcriptase from single-stranded RNA The use of fluorescently-tagged probes for real-time quantitation of PCR products - SIgnificant Advances in PCR include the structure of DNA was described, as well as its method of replication - What happened in the 1950s? the isolation of restriction enzymes - The advent of recombinant DNA technology began with what? it allowed us to manipulate DNA - What did the advent of recombinant DNA technology do ? Vaccines - They are typically made of a weakened or a killed form of a disease-causing microorganism. Vaccination function - They signal the immune system to make antibodies against the microorganism for which the vaccine was developed. Vaccine protection - They can provide protection against future infection by the pathogen for which they were developed. Restriction Enzymes - digest DNA DNA Ligase - join pieces of DNA together Heat-stabled DNA polymerase - performs reactions in PCR Protease - degrades proteins developing medications - Genetic engineering can help in what? Proteomics: - the study of the entire set of proteins of a cell or organism The nutritional value of a genetically modified food crop may increase. Genetically modified crops may be more hardy. - Pros to Genetically modified crops (transgenic crops) Genetically modified crops may cross-pollinate with non-genetically modified crops. Growing only genetically modified crops may decrease genetic diversity. - Cons to Genetically modified crops (transgenic crops) Genetically engineered animals benefits - Enhanced animal welfare and health to increase resistance to disease, minimizing the need for animal care interventions Production of valuable industrial products, such as spider silk used for medical and defense purposes Efficient production of replacement proteins, drugs, vaccines or tissues for treating and preventing human diseases Insulin benefits - There is less chance of an immune response to human insulin. Ethical issues concerning the use of animals are avoided It is a more efficient process to purify insulin from yeast or bacterial cultures than it is from animal organs. True - True of False Biotechnology can be used to provide alternative, cleaner technologies to help reduce or remove hazardous environmental contaminants. Examples of biotechnology - A lignin degrading enzyme used in place of bleach in paper mills•Microbes used in place of oil based raw materials to polymerize plastics•Using microorganisms to remove environmental pollutants Limitations preventing the widespread use of these new technologies - Microbial activity may change with seasonal changes in temperature