PSYC 3709 Unit 2 Exam 2023 with complete solution

what are the 3 stages of memory? encoding, storage, and retieval what is the most common way we assess knowing in our educational system? tests or exams which type of practice is better? massed or distributed? distributed in which stage of memory do you use strategies like rehearsal and quizzing yourself? storage another name for short-term memory is ? working memory being able to control your emotion, behavior and thoughts is called self-regulation creativity is based on what type of thinking? divergent information-processing models of memory are based on analogies with ? computer systems traditional education favors the use of what thinking? convergent to be effective, feedback should be ? timely, clear, and explanatory what are the characteristics of experts? detect patterns in information, organize information, automaticity, use effective strategies compare short-term and long-term memory on capacity and duration short-term: had a capacity of 5-9 items, temporary (30 sec.) long-term: unlimited capacity, permanent memory what is the short answer to how do we move information from short-term to long-term memory? effort over time what are two reasons we can't remember things? decay and interference name 3 things teachers can do to encourage long-term retention of knowledge and skills? time for practice, scaffolding, and test frequently what is the difference between convergent and divergent thinking? convergent- narrows thinking into one correct answer divergent- values thinking about the quantity of ideas and novelties what are the categories of self-regulation? sensory, cognitive, behavioral, and emotional name 2 ways teachers support self-regulation in the classroom? have clear learning outcomes, and provide enough time for planning give an example of the use of self instruction? self-talk- before giving a presentation in class, a student reminded herself to speak slowly, look at the audience, and breathe normally give an example of a behavior that supports each of the stages of memory? encoding- focusing storage- quiz yourself retrieval- look for hints or cues principles 1-8 1- Students' beliefs about intelligence and ability affect learning 2- background knowledge affects learning 3- Cognitive development and learning are not limited by general stages of development 4- Learning is based on context 5- Acquiring long-term knowledge is dependent on practice 6- Clear, explanatory, and timely feedback to students is important to learning 7- Students' self-regulation assists learning, and self-regulatory skills can be taught 8- Student creativity can be fostered social cognitive theory social and cognitive factors play a role in learning should self-regulation be taught? yes, self regulation should be deliberately taught what do you need to be creative? curiosity, knowledge, flexibility, positive attitude