An in-depth summary of chapter 1 of the Essentials of Strength Training and Conditioning textbook. Covery=ing the topic of structure and function of body systems.
All diagrams are taken from the textbook and information is neatly summarised following the structure of the chapter
,Table of Contents
Skeleton................................................................................................................................................................................. 2
Skeletal Musculature.............................................................................................................................................................4
Musculoskeletal Macrostructure and Microstructure.......................................................................................................4
Sliding-Filament Theory of Muscular Contraction.............................................................................................................9
Activation of Muscles..........................................................................................................................................................10
Muscle fiber Types..............................................................................................................................................................12
Motor recruitment patterns................................................................................................................................................13
Proprioception.................................................................................................................................................................... 14
Muscle spindles................................................................................................................................................................... 14
Golgi Tendon Organs...........................................................................................................................................................15
Heart................................................................................................................................................................................... 16
Valves.............................................................................................................................................................................. 16
Conduction system..........................................................................................................................................................17
Electrocardiogram...........................................................................................................................................................17
Blood Vessels....................................................................................................................................................................... 19
Arteries............................................................................................................................................................................ 19
Capillaries........................................................................................................................................................................ 19
Veins................................................................................................................................................................................ 19
Blood................................................................................................................................................................................... 19
Exchange of air.................................................................................................................................................................... 20
Exchange of Respiratory Gases............................................................................................................................................21
, MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM
Bones, joints, muscles and tendons
Skeleton
Muscles:
o Do not act directly to exert force
o Function by pulling against bones that rotate about joints, transmitting force to the environment
o Can only pull, not push
o Through system of bony levers, pulling forces can be manifested to a “push” or “pull”
Bones:
o Approx. 206 bones in the body
o Provides leverage, support and protection
o Axial Skeleton:
1. Skull (cranium)
2. Vertebral column (C1-Coccyx)
3. Ribs
4. Sternum
o Appendicular Skeleton:
1. Shoulder (pectoral) girdle (left+right Scapula and clavicle)
2. Bones of the arms, Wrists and hands (Humorous, Radius, Ulnar, Carpals, Metacarpals,
Phalanges)
3. Pelvic girdle (Coxal/ innominate bones)
4. Bones of the Legs, ankles and feet (Femur, Patella, Tibia, Fibula, Tarsals, Metatarsals, Phalanges)
Joints:
o Junctions of bones
o Types of Joints:
1. Fibrous Joints = Virtually no movement (sutures of the skull)
2. Cartilaginous joints = Limited movement (intervertebral joints)
3. Synovial Joints = considerable movement (Elbow and Knee)
o Spots + Movement = generally at synovial joints, low friction and high range of motion
o Structure of a joint:
1. Hyaline cartilage, covers articulating bone ends
2. Synovial fluid, Encapsulates the joint
3. Ligaments + Cartilage, supporting structures
o Joint axis of rotation:
1. Unilateral = operate as hinges, rotate about one axis
2. Biaxial = allows movement about two perpendicular axes
3. Multiaxial = allow movement about multiples axes (ball-and-socket)
o Vertebral column:
1. Cervical = 7 (C1-C7)
2. Thoracic = 12 (T1-T12)
3. Lumbar = 5 (L1-L5)
4. Sacral = 5 (S1-S5)
5. Coccygeal = 3-5
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