Genetics and genetic
engineering
Life sciences
Matric (grade 12)
,Contents
Genetics:
- Grogor Mendel
- Mendel’s laws
- Genes and alleles
- Sex chromosomes
- Sex-linked diseases
- Polygenic inheritance
- Gene mutations
- Single nucleotide polymorphism
- Genomes and the Human Genome Project
- Family trees
Genetic engineering:
- Overview
- Human insulin
- Vaccines
- How genes are introduced
- Ethical concerns
- GMO’s
- Cloning
, Genetics
Study of the heredity and the variations that occur as genes are passed on
through various generations
To explain the similarities and differences between parents and offspring
Gregor mendel
- ‘Father of genetics’
- Investigated the transfer of characteristics between generations
- He realised that “something” was passed from each parent to the
offspring
- Realised sexual reproduction combinds these “somethings” from each
parent to produce offspring that is unique, yet has similar traits
- Mendel’s findings were gradually accepted
- These “somethings” were genes
- He discovered that each characterisitc had at least 2 alleles (dominant
and recessive)
Mendel’s laws
Mendel’s law of segregation
During meiosis, allele pairs separate so that the gametes have a single allele for
each characteristic
Mendel’s law of dominance
In a cross of parents that are homozygous but are different, only the dominant
trait will appear in the phenotype
Mendel’s law of independent assortment
The alleles of different genes segregate randomly and independently of one
another during formation
engineering
Life sciences
Matric (grade 12)
,Contents
Genetics:
- Grogor Mendel
- Mendel’s laws
- Genes and alleles
- Sex chromosomes
- Sex-linked diseases
- Polygenic inheritance
- Gene mutations
- Single nucleotide polymorphism
- Genomes and the Human Genome Project
- Family trees
Genetic engineering:
- Overview
- Human insulin
- Vaccines
- How genes are introduced
- Ethical concerns
- GMO’s
- Cloning
, Genetics
Study of the heredity and the variations that occur as genes are passed on
through various generations
To explain the similarities and differences between parents and offspring
Gregor mendel
- ‘Father of genetics’
- Investigated the transfer of characteristics between generations
- He realised that “something” was passed from each parent to the
offspring
- Realised sexual reproduction combinds these “somethings” from each
parent to produce offspring that is unique, yet has similar traits
- Mendel’s findings were gradually accepted
- These “somethings” were genes
- He discovered that each characterisitc had at least 2 alleles (dominant
and recessive)
Mendel’s laws
Mendel’s law of segregation
During meiosis, allele pairs separate so that the gametes have a single allele for
each characteristic
Mendel’s law of dominance
In a cross of parents that are homozygous but are different, only the dominant
trait will appear in the phenotype
Mendel’s law of independent assortment
The alleles of different genes segregate randomly and independently of one
another during formation
