Sport psychology exam
Contents
Chapter 6 Leadership in sports: The critical importance of coach and athlete leadership ... 2
Transformational leadership Theory .......................................................................... 3
Emotionally intelligent leadership .............................................................................. 6
Multi-dimensional model of leadership (MML) .......................................................... 7
Authentic leadership ................................................................................................. 8
Practical applications of leadership in sport. .................................................................. 9
Coach leadership development .................................................................................. 9
Athlete leadership development .............................................................................. 10
Educating athletes about leadership- p113............................................................... 12
providing opportunities for application .................................................................... 14
Team leadership development-p116 ........................................................................ 16
Chapter 11 Goal setting for peak performance ................................................................ 17
Defining goals. ............................................................................................................ 17
Goal-setting guidelines. ........................................................................................... 18
Common problems in setting goals. ......................................................................... 20
Chapter 14 Cognitive techniques for building confidence and enhancing performance .... 20
Self-talk. ..................................................................................................................... 21
Self-talk for skill acquisition and Performance ............................................................. 22
Identifying self-talk ..................................................................................................... 25
Technique for controlling self-talk .............................................................................. 27
Identifying irrational and distorted thinking ............................................................. 28
Modifying irrational and distorted thinking: ............................................................. 29
Chapter 20 Doping in Sport: Causes and Cures ................................................................ 31
Definition of “doping”. ................................................................................................ 31
Causes of doping in sport. ........................................................................................... 34
Strategies for controlling doping. ................................................................................ 36
cognitive approaches ............................................................................................... 37
Behavioural strategies ............................................................................................. 37
Two intervention Model to regulating drug use in sport (p437).................................... 38
1
,Chapter 21 Athlete burnout: An individual and organisational phenomenon ................... 39
Definition of athlete burnout ...................................................................................... 40
Psychosocial Sport stress ............................................................................................. 41
self-determination Theory ....................................................................................... 42
Sport entrapment .................................................................................................... 42
Preventing athlete burnout- in individual and organisation ........................................ 43
Chapter 22 Injury risk and rehabilitation: Psychological considerations .......................... 44
Factors that predispose athletes to injury. ................................................................... 44
The revised version of the stress and injury model-p463 .......................................... 45
Interventions to reduce injury vulnerability. ............................................................ 47
Teaching specific psychological rehabilitation strategies. ............................................. 48
Chapter 6 Leadership in sports: The critical importance of coach and athlete
leadership
Leadership has been something that has been studied over many years, and with
formal training, leaders can be developed. The sporting environment is the ideal
situation to implement the programs to enhance the player’s leadership
capacities.
Participation in sports provides several social and psychological opportunities
and to learn to perform under pressure, dealing with difficult situations, become
more confident and have constant decision-making opportunities with the need
to develop strong communication skills.
To achieve the best outcome in a sport the team and /or individual along with
the coach need to work together as a unit towards a mutual goal.
2
,Many theories have been developed on how to install leadership or what is
needed in an individual to be classified as a leader. Some of these theories are
known as a trait and behavioural theories. Since then the perspectives have
evolved to look at the entire organization or team and not just an individual. The
theories are more grounded in the relationship among members and shifted to
develop charismatic, visionary and transformational leaders.
The following theories are integrated approaches that can be applied in sports:
Transformational leadership Theory
The transformational leadership theory is an approach where both the leader
and participant is involved in a mutual process of developing higher levels of
motivation, moral reasoning and self-consciousness in line with the community
values.
The theory encourages collaboration and interrelationship where the follower
is just as important in the team. It believes that every member can lead, it is not
based on a title but the development of individual potential to encourage a
positive action to reach the collective goal.
Four components of transformational leadership
1. Idealized influence
3
, Leaders should act in a way to be role models and to inspire the team
members, in return trust and respect will develop in the relationship. The
coaches and captains earn the respect by upholding the team standards
and values
2. Inspirational motivation
The leader should motivate the members by pursuing the purpose. The
members have an optimistic outlook and work with the leader to develop
an exciting future together.
The coach should identify what motivates each member and place them
in roles that will make them successful. The team must work together on
small victories that will contribute to the team's confidence.
3. Intellectual stimulation
Each member works within their strength that will create an environment
that is more creative and can overcome problems. Each individual's
abilities are improved through the process. This is most effective during
pre-season development session that incorporates goal-setting,
brainstorming plans and to develop accountability of each once role for
4
Contents
Chapter 6 Leadership in sports: The critical importance of coach and athlete leadership ... 2
Transformational leadership Theory .......................................................................... 3
Emotionally intelligent leadership .............................................................................. 6
Multi-dimensional model of leadership (MML) .......................................................... 7
Authentic leadership ................................................................................................. 8
Practical applications of leadership in sport. .................................................................. 9
Coach leadership development .................................................................................. 9
Athlete leadership development .............................................................................. 10
Educating athletes about leadership- p113............................................................... 12
providing opportunities for application .................................................................... 14
Team leadership development-p116 ........................................................................ 16
Chapter 11 Goal setting for peak performance ................................................................ 17
Defining goals. ............................................................................................................ 17
Goal-setting guidelines. ........................................................................................... 18
Common problems in setting goals. ......................................................................... 20
Chapter 14 Cognitive techniques for building confidence and enhancing performance .... 20
Self-talk. ..................................................................................................................... 21
Self-talk for skill acquisition and Performance ............................................................. 22
Identifying self-talk ..................................................................................................... 25
Technique for controlling self-talk .............................................................................. 27
Identifying irrational and distorted thinking ............................................................. 28
Modifying irrational and distorted thinking: ............................................................. 29
Chapter 20 Doping in Sport: Causes and Cures ................................................................ 31
Definition of “doping”. ................................................................................................ 31
Causes of doping in sport. ........................................................................................... 34
Strategies for controlling doping. ................................................................................ 36
cognitive approaches ............................................................................................... 37
Behavioural strategies ............................................................................................. 37
Two intervention Model to regulating drug use in sport (p437).................................... 38
1
,Chapter 21 Athlete burnout: An individual and organisational phenomenon ................... 39
Definition of athlete burnout ...................................................................................... 40
Psychosocial Sport stress ............................................................................................. 41
self-determination Theory ....................................................................................... 42
Sport entrapment .................................................................................................... 42
Preventing athlete burnout- in individual and organisation ........................................ 43
Chapter 22 Injury risk and rehabilitation: Psychological considerations .......................... 44
Factors that predispose athletes to injury. ................................................................... 44
The revised version of the stress and injury model-p463 .......................................... 45
Interventions to reduce injury vulnerability. ............................................................ 47
Teaching specific psychological rehabilitation strategies. ............................................. 48
Chapter 6 Leadership in sports: The critical importance of coach and athlete
leadership
Leadership has been something that has been studied over many years, and with
formal training, leaders can be developed. The sporting environment is the ideal
situation to implement the programs to enhance the player’s leadership
capacities.
Participation in sports provides several social and psychological opportunities
and to learn to perform under pressure, dealing with difficult situations, become
more confident and have constant decision-making opportunities with the need
to develop strong communication skills.
To achieve the best outcome in a sport the team and /or individual along with
the coach need to work together as a unit towards a mutual goal.
2
,Many theories have been developed on how to install leadership or what is
needed in an individual to be classified as a leader. Some of these theories are
known as a trait and behavioural theories. Since then the perspectives have
evolved to look at the entire organization or team and not just an individual. The
theories are more grounded in the relationship among members and shifted to
develop charismatic, visionary and transformational leaders.
The following theories are integrated approaches that can be applied in sports:
Transformational leadership Theory
The transformational leadership theory is an approach where both the leader
and participant is involved in a mutual process of developing higher levels of
motivation, moral reasoning and self-consciousness in line with the community
values.
The theory encourages collaboration and interrelationship where the follower
is just as important in the team. It believes that every member can lead, it is not
based on a title but the development of individual potential to encourage a
positive action to reach the collective goal.
Four components of transformational leadership
1. Idealized influence
3
, Leaders should act in a way to be role models and to inspire the team
members, in return trust and respect will develop in the relationship. The
coaches and captains earn the respect by upholding the team standards
and values
2. Inspirational motivation
The leader should motivate the members by pursuing the purpose. The
members have an optimistic outlook and work with the leader to develop
an exciting future together.
The coach should identify what motivates each member and place them
in roles that will make them successful. The team must work together on
small victories that will contribute to the team's confidence.
3. Intellectual stimulation
Each member works within their strength that will create an environment
that is more creative and can overcome problems. Each individual's
abilities are improved through the process. This is most effective during
pre-season development session that incorporates goal-setting,
brainstorming plans and to develop accountability of each once role for
4
