BEGINNING OF SA HISTORY
EXTERNAL & INTERNAL LEGAL HISTORY KEY CONCEPTS
Criminology: an interdisciplinary applied
External History Internal History discipline within the human sciences.
The law: a written statute enacted by those
Traces sources & factors Covers origins & legislative bodies that have the authority to make
contributing in or directly development of legal rules
to the development of a & principles under the laws. The law consists of all forms of law (criminal
legal system influence of external law, common law, etc).
historical events Criminal law: made up of all the legal rules that
identify crimes & set down punishments.
Sheds light on internal Common law: consists of legal rules that were
history of law not originally written down but which have come
to be accepted as the law of the land.
Relationship between EH & IH:
Policy of apartheid: implemented by National Party. THE CRIMINOLOGIST’S ROLE
Political event in EH of law. Criminologist: someone whose professional training,
Promulgation(making) of Group Areas Act was occupational role, and earnings or remuneration
consequence of policy of apartheid. Act introduced mainly relate to a scientific approach to the study &
new legal rules & is ex. of development in IH of law. analyses of crime phenomenon & criminal behaviour.
Establishment of trade unions: economic event in EH Criminologist: is (both) a theorist and researcher(A)
that had huge influence on development of labour i.e. theoretical explanations for women abuse:
law. After labour law establishment, interest of alcohol& drug abuse, emotional stress, learnt
employees & labourers considered = right of behaviour(socialisation), interpersonal problems,
employee to not be fairly dismissed was recognised & discriminatory treatment of women society. (B)
now entrenched as human right in constitution. (d Main functions of Criminologist:
• Lecturing @ universities/colleges
• Researching @ universities / colleges/ institutions
i.e. Intuition for Security Studies (ISS)
• being involved in community service by assisting
victims of various violent crime i.e. domestic
violence @ victim support organisations
Schmalleger's DEF-
criminologist: graduate who makes a study of crime,
criminals & criminal behaviour.
Criminology: scientific study of crime & criminal
behaviour incl. ways crime occur, causes of crime, legal
aspects of crime & crime control.
Main tasks of Criminologist: study, define, describe,
interpret, explain & indicate policy of directions i.r.o
crime, criminal behaviour, victimisation.
Basic point of departure: to identify complex causes of
crime, explain causes i.t.o existing theories, develop &
scientifically prove/test new theories.
Research of Criminologist: Criminologist’s
-Research findings on causes of crime, help crims
develop appropriate programmes to prevent crime
-Research the criminal justice system & suitable
treatment for offenders to help prevent recidivism.
-Research help formulate new policy directions in
criminal justice & to shape social & economic policy to
prevent crime.
-can bring harm suffered victims to courts. Victim
Impact Statements are taken into consideration in
determining a sentence.
EXTERNAL & INTERNAL LEGAL HISTORY KEY CONCEPTS
Criminology: an interdisciplinary applied
External History Internal History discipline within the human sciences.
The law: a written statute enacted by those
Traces sources & factors Covers origins & legislative bodies that have the authority to make
contributing in or directly development of legal rules
to the development of a & principles under the laws. The law consists of all forms of law (criminal
legal system influence of external law, common law, etc).
historical events Criminal law: made up of all the legal rules that
identify crimes & set down punishments.
Sheds light on internal Common law: consists of legal rules that were
history of law not originally written down but which have come
to be accepted as the law of the land.
Relationship between EH & IH:
Policy of apartheid: implemented by National Party. THE CRIMINOLOGIST’S ROLE
Political event in EH of law. Criminologist: someone whose professional training,
Promulgation(making) of Group Areas Act was occupational role, and earnings or remuneration
consequence of policy of apartheid. Act introduced mainly relate to a scientific approach to the study &
new legal rules & is ex. of development in IH of law. analyses of crime phenomenon & criminal behaviour.
Establishment of trade unions: economic event in EH Criminologist: is (both) a theorist and researcher(A)
that had huge influence on development of labour i.e. theoretical explanations for women abuse:
law. After labour law establishment, interest of alcohol& drug abuse, emotional stress, learnt
employees & labourers considered = right of behaviour(socialisation), interpersonal problems,
employee to not be fairly dismissed was recognised & discriminatory treatment of women society. (B)
now entrenched as human right in constitution. (d Main functions of Criminologist:
• Lecturing @ universities/colleges
• Researching @ universities / colleges/ institutions
i.e. Intuition for Security Studies (ISS)
• being involved in community service by assisting
victims of various violent crime i.e. domestic
violence @ victim support organisations
Schmalleger's DEF-
criminologist: graduate who makes a study of crime,
criminals & criminal behaviour.
Criminology: scientific study of crime & criminal
behaviour incl. ways crime occur, causes of crime, legal
aspects of crime & crime control.
Main tasks of Criminologist: study, define, describe,
interpret, explain & indicate policy of directions i.r.o
crime, criminal behaviour, victimisation.
Basic point of departure: to identify complex causes of
crime, explain causes i.t.o existing theories, develop &
scientifically prove/test new theories.
Research of Criminologist: Criminologist’s
-Research findings on causes of crime, help crims
develop appropriate programmes to prevent crime
-Research the criminal justice system & suitable
treatment for offenders to help prevent recidivism.
-Research help formulate new policy directions in
criminal justice & to shape social & economic policy to
prevent crime.
-can bring harm suffered victims to courts. Victim
Impact Statements are taken into consideration in
determining a sentence.
