Summary OCR GCSE History- Explaining the Modern World flashcards
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Course
History
Institution
GCSE
A set of flashcards covering the 'Explaining the Modern World' syllabus- aka, the Cold War and the German depth study. These flashcards cover key events, impacts, and people- as well as other misc topics like ideologies.
OCR GCSE History- Explaining the Modern World flashcards
,International relations
The Treaty of Versailles and the League of Nations
Which 3 countries and leaders made the TOV?
-George Clememceau of France
-Lloyd George of Britain
-Woodrow Wilson of the USA
When was the TOV signed?
June 1919
What did each leader want in the TOV?
-France/Clemenceau- harsh punishment to eliminate Germany as a threat
-USA/Wilson- lenient peace that kept Germany as a strong trading ally. No more alliances
and a League of Nations to prevent wars, solve humanitarian issues and help trade
-Britain/George- punish Germany but keep them as a trading ally- wanted to prevent a
communist revolution in Germany
What were the terms of the TOV?
-Guilt- Germany accepts full blame for causing WW1
-Army- Germany's army reduced to 100,000 men and 6 small ships- no planes or submarines
-Reparations- $6.6 billion in reparations to the allies
-Germany loses 10% of its land and all of its colonies
-League of Nations is established
-Germany banned from allying with Austria and putting troops in the Rhineland
What were the impacts of the TOV in Germany?
-Humiliation for accepting blame for war
-Signatories named the "November Criminals"
-Reparations led to hyperinflation- reliance on US loans to survive
-Anger led to support for extremist groups (Communists and Nazis)- Hitler gains support
How did the TOV impact other countries?
-Austro-Hungarian empire broken up
-New countries made (e.g. Czecholslovakia)
-Hungary told to pay reparations- couldn't due to sheer poverty
-Austria's army reduced to 30,000 men
, -Ottoman empire collapses due to a loss of land- Britain controls Iraq
When was the Great Depression?
1929
What caused the Great Depression? What did the USA do in response to it?
-Cause- US stock market crashes
-Response- USA recalls all loans and stops giving out loans
What was the impact of the Great Depression in Germany?
-Economy collapses- mass unemployment
-Loss of faith in political leaders
-Support for extremist groups/Nazis- Hitler gains support by promising to tear up the TOV
-Hitler plans to regain lost land (go against TOV)- puts him on a warpath
What was the impact of the Great Depression in Britain and France?
-Economies are weakened- can't invest in armies so they are unable to confront Hitler in the
1930s
-League of Nations is weakened due to a lack in military power
What was the impact of the Great Depression in Japan?
-Military dictatorship takes power during a recession
-Leaders are fascists who plan to restore Japanese strength by creating an empire
-Plans to sieze resources from neighbouring countries- puts Japan on a war path
How was the League of Nations a success in the 1920s?
-Helped 400,000 refugees who had been displaced by WW1
-1921- Settled a dispute between Sweden and Finland over control of the Aayland islands
-Gave Hungary and Austria financial aid- prevent economic collapse
-1925- Greeks try to create a similar situation to the Corfu Crisis with Bulgaria to get
compensation- Greeks were punished
How was the League of Nations a failiure in the 1920s?
-Polish army seizes control of Vilna, capital of Lithuania. Britain and France wanted Poland
as an ally against the Soviet Union so no help was given
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