MCQ 4
Correct answers are highlighted
100% pass 15/15
1. In qualitative research -- where a person or group has a story to tell, a perception or experience to share or holds a
specific view a phenomenon, event, situation or context -- the aim of the researcher is NOT primarily to ...
1) increase our understanding of situations, contexts and people.
2) develop an in-depth understanding of the person within context of their situation.
3) confirm hypotheses, examine causality and explain relationships between variables and groups.
4) explore, describe and understand realities from the inside out.
2. Research design in qualitative research does NOT …
1) consider how to enrich the research by employing different lenses on the same phenomenon, such as triangulation
where more than one sampling or data collection method is used, and a hermeneutic framework that values inter-
subjective interpretations.
2) use and obtain (data) saturation to increase rigour by collecting many similar instances of the phenomenon to
incrementally build certainty.
3) consist of well-developed, rather rigid options, with clearly defined design sets.
4) refer to a creative and interactive process where the researcher becomes the primary research instrument with their
own research paradigm (ontology and epistemology), culture, ideology, experience, personality, emotions and
knowledge.
3. Phenomenology originated from the philosophy of Edmund Husserl (1859 - 1938) who aimed to describe how life is
experienced through consciousness. Which of the following statements is NOT true with regard to phenomenology?
1) At the root of phenomenology is the intent to understand the concepts, thoughts, ideas and images giving meaning to
the structure of various types of experience from a subjective viewpoint, including perception, thought, memory,
imagination, emotion, desire and bodily awareness. Phenomenology, in simple terms, refers to the description or
interpretation of an individual’s immediate experience through consciousness.
2) This philosophy supports the positivistic scientific assumption of objectivity and belief in a mind-independent
reality.
3) The "descriptive" phenomenological research strategy regards experience as intentional, and therefore believe that
reality should be consciously observed, described and under-stood. The focus is on understanding the experiences of
participants rather than the interpretation of events in their lives. The aim is therefore not to describe smaller events in a
person’s life, but to describe their experiences of a life event, thereby allowing the essence of these experiences to
emerge. The lifeworld refers to a person’s conscious experience of everyday life and social action.
4) "Hermeneutic" or "interpretative phenomenology" (IPA) regards human beings as actors and as knowers of a
phenomenon because they are in the world and therefore already part of it. Hermeneutic (interpretative)
phenomenology focuses on the relationship between an individual and his/her lifeworld. Heidegger’s term lifeworld
implies that individuals already understand the world and their position within it. In a sense, interpretative
phenomenology moves beyond bracketing and description by asking the participant not only to relate the experience
but interpret its subjective meaning as well.
4
Correct answers are highlighted
100% pass 15/15
1. In qualitative research -- where a person or group has a story to tell, a perception or experience to share or holds a
specific view a phenomenon, event, situation or context -- the aim of the researcher is NOT primarily to ...
1) increase our understanding of situations, contexts and people.
2) develop an in-depth understanding of the person within context of their situation.
3) confirm hypotheses, examine causality and explain relationships between variables and groups.
4) explore, describe and understand realities from the inside out.
2. Research design in qualitative research does NOT …
1) consider how to enrich the research by employing different lenses on the same phenomenon, such as triangulation
where more than one sampling or data collection method is used, and a hermeneutic framework that values inter-
subjective interpretations.
2) use and obtain (data) saturation to increase rigour by collecting many similar instances of the phenomenon to
incrementally build certainty.
3) consist of well-developed, rather rigid options, with clearly defined design sets.
4) refer to a creative and interactive process where the researcher becomes the primary research instrument with their
own research paradigm (ontology and epistemology), culture, ideology, experience, personality, emotions and
knowledge.
3. Phenomenology originated from the philosophy of Edmund Husserl (1859 - 1938) who aimed to describe how life is
experienced through consciousness. Which of the following statements is NOT true with regard to phenomenology?
1) At the root of phenomenology is the intent to understand the concepts, thoughts, ideas and images giving meaning to
the structure of various types of experience from a subjective viewpoint, including perception, thought, memory,
imagination, emotion, desire and bodily awareness. Phenomenology, in simple terms, refers to the description or
interpretation of an individual’s immediate experience through consciousness.
2) This philosophy supports the positivistic scientific assumption of objectivity and belief in a mind-independent
reality.
3) The "descriptive" phenomenological research strategy regards experience as intentional, and therefore believe that
reality should be consciously observed, described and under-stood. The focus is on understanding the experiences of
participants rather than the interpretation of events in their lives. The aim is therefore not to describe smaller events in a
person’s life, but to describe their experiences of a life event, thereby allowing the essence of these experiences to
emerge. The lifeworld refers to a person’s conscious experience of everyday life and social action.
4) "Hermeneutic" or "interpretative phenomenology" (IPA) regards human beings as actors and as knowers of a
phenomenon because they are in the world and therefore already part of it. Hermeneutic (interpretative)
phenomenology focuses on the relationship between an individual and his/her lifeworld. Heidegger’s term lifeworld
implies that individuals already understand the world and their position within it. In a sense, interpretative
phenomenology moves beyond bracketing and description by asking the participant not only to relate the experience
but interpret its subjective meaning as well.
4
