Describe how a country would benefit economically if it was to stage the
Olympic Games:
• Tourism: Stimulate local economy, especially bars, restaurants, rental
cars, hotels etc. Attracts visitors.
• Construction industry: The construction & maintenance of sports
facilities around the world amounted to billions of dollars. It creates a lot
of work in the industry.
• Professional Athlete’s: The number of professional athletes is
increasing, and they receive good salaries, they often earn more than
other top professions.
• Careers: Sport provides careers in; sports medicine, sport psychology,
etc.
• Sponsorships: Companies spend million on advertising so that their
products can be associated with sport.
The different body systems & their functions:
➢ Joints: form the junctions between the bones used for movement.
➢ Bones: support, protect and help the body perform any muscular
movement.
➢ Muscles: muscular movement goes on all the time; for breathing,
moving and standing still.
➢ Nervous system: carries signals from the brain. The nervous system
includes brain, spinal cord and many other nerves that branch off of the
spinal cord.
Why must a primary school teacher change rules when coaching sport
❖ Children cannot play according to adult rules/use their equipment
❖ Children’s physical size and proportions are changing constantly & rules need
modification.
❖ Modifications include decreasing playing area, goals, playing times & smaller
teams.
❖ Changes will increase level of success/achievements which in turn, will have
a good effect on children’s self-image. This will then encourage them to
continue participating in sport.
Two defence mechanism against increase in core temperature:
▪ Sweating response: the athlete sweats profusely to control their body
temperature.
▪ Vasolidation response: The altering of blood flow through the skin, makes
face turn red.
Procedure to prevent injuries:
- Warm ups
- Stretching
- Cooldowns
- Fitness – good conditioning
- Protective devices
- Safe playing areas
- Obedience to rules
Recreation: Voluntary activity that is beneficial to the participant, recreation, by its
very nature, is undertaken during leisure or free time.
,Liability: The acceptance of risk provides a defence against liability in certain
dangerous activities. This includes the person who is responsible for some cases.
Nutrients:
It is food that consists of various things that are essential for body functioning.
Nutrients perform various tasks in the body and consist of:
❖ Proteins
❖ Carbohydrates
❖ Fat
❖ Vitamins
❖ Minerals
❖ Water
❖ Fibre
The three stages of learning and their characteristics of the athlete are in each
stage:
Stage 1- The beginning stage
Characteristic: Athletes need to know what it is they are trying to achieve.
Stage 2- The intermediate stage
Characteristic: The athlete develops due to regular practice according to the motor
programme that was initiated in the beginning stage.
Stage 3- The advanced stage
Characteristic: Athletes can maintain a high level of performance in a variety of
competitive environments.
What are the implications of each stage for the coach?
Beginning stage
• Introduce each skill with clear, simple and short explanations.
• Allow the learner to practise the skill by himself or herself.
• Help the child to concentrate on one or two main parts of the skill.
• Provide continuous and positive feedback throughout the beginning phase of the
skills.
• As the child begins to understand how to perform the skill, gradually stress more
form.
Intermediate stage
• Provide numerous practice activities that require increased levels of skill
performance.
• Provide appropriate coaching hints and suggestions throughout practice activities
and lead-up games.
• Gradually increase the rate until the skill is performed to the speed required in the
mature form of the activity.
• Stress short practice sessions with frequent breaks, rather than long practice
sessions with few breaks.
• Stress practice sessions and lead-up activities that are performed with small groups
and that require maximum participation.
Advanced stage
• Provide practice sessions that improve form, style and accuracy.
• Provide more qualified coaching techniques, including better skills analysis and
effective motivation devices.
, • When plateaus are reached, encourage the learner to experiment with new ideas or
a change of pace.
• Doggedly continuing without improvement or satisfaction may cause a regression in
skill performance.
• Provide greater variety and more intensity in practice sessions, lead-up activities
and in official sport, dance or gymnastic contents.
Two methods used to teach simple skills?
❖ Imitation
- Athletes must focus on what is to be imitated/copied. They should watch/try it,
remember & practice it.
❖ Demonstration/Exlanation/Practice/Correction:
- Allows for further practice & correction in more detail. Provides information
while practice continues.
Two methods for teaching complex skills:
❖ Shaping method: making an action simpler
❖ Chaining method: breaking the skill into simpler parts. Chain the skill
together. A complex skill is made up of a number of simple, distinct parts. A
part is a link in the chain.
Teaching sports involve 4 steps:
✓ Brief introduction
✓ Precise, clear explanations
✓ Practice time
✓ Feedback
Management throughout the season can be divided into three periods:
Indicate a few management functions during each season
2 Management of three periods
Preseason Management-Review:
• Your coaching philosophy
• Development of your instruction plan for the season
• Staff selection and training
• Player positions
• Scheduling
• Facilities
• Equipment and supplies
• Fiscal management
• Risk management
• Parent orientation programme
In-season management:
o Player supervision
o Maintenance of equipment
o Putting your pre-season plan into action
o Transportation
o Publicity
o First-aid provision
Olympic Games:
• Tourism: Stimulate local economy, especially bars, restaurants, rental
cars, hotels etc. Attracts visitors.
• Construction industry: The construction & maintenance of sports
facilities around the world amounted to billions of dollars. It creates a lot
of work in the industry.
• Professional Athlete’s: The number of professional athletes is
increasing, and they receive good salaries, they often earn more than
other top professions.
• Careers: Sport provides careers in; sports medicine, sport psychology,
etc.
• Sponsorships: Companies spend million on advertising so that their
products can be associated with sport.
The different body systems & their functions:
➢ Joints: form the junctions between the bones used for movement.
➢ Bones: support, protect and help the body perform any muscular
movement.
➢ Muscles: muscular movement goes on all the time; for breathing,
moving and standing still.
➢ Nervous system: carries signals from the brain. The nervous system
includes brain, spinal cord and many other nerves that branch off of the
spinal cord.
Why must a primary school teacher change rules when coaching sport
❖ Children cannot play according to adult rules/use their equipment
❖ Children’s physical size and proportions are changing constantly & rules need
modification.
❖ Modifications include decreasing playing area, goals, playing times & smaller
teams.
❖ Changes will increase level of success/achievements which in turn, will have
a good effect on children’s self-image. This will then encourage them to
continue participating in sport.
Two defence mechanism against increase in core temperature:
▪ Sweating response: the athlete sweats profusely to control their body
temperature.
▪ Vasolidation response: The altering of blood flow through the skin, makes
face turn red.
Procedure to prevent injuries:
- Warm ups
- Stretching
- Cooldowns
- Fitness – good conditioning
- Protective devices
- Safe playing areas
- Obedience to rules
Recreation: Voluntary activity that is beneficial to the participant, recreation, by its
very nature, is undertaken during leisure or free time.
,Liability: The acceptance of risk provides a defence against liability in certain
dangerous activities. This includes the person who is responsible for some cases.
Nutrients:
It is food that consists of various things that are essential for body functioning.
Nutrients perform various tasks in the body and consist of:
❖ Proteins
❖ Carbohydrates
❖ Fat
❖ Vitamins
❖ Minerals
❖ Water
❖ Fibre
The three stages of learning and their characteristics of the athlete are in each
stage:
Stage 1- The beginning stage
Characteristic: Athletes need to know what it is they are trying to achieve.
Stage 2- The intermediate stage
Characteristic: The athlete develops due to regular practice according to the motor
programme that was initiated in the beginning stage.
Stage 3- The advanced stage
Characteristic: Athletes can maintain a high level of performance in a variety of
competitive environments.
What are the implications of each stage for the coach?
Beginning stage
• Introduce each skill with clear, simple and short explanations.
• Allow the learner to practise the skill by himself or herself.
• Help the child to concentrate on one or two main parts of the skill.
• Provide continuous and positive feedback throughout the beginning phase of the
skills.
• As the child begins to understand how to perform the skill, gradually stress more
form.
Intermediate stage
• Provide numerous practice activities that require increased levels of skill
performance.
• Provide appropriate coaching hints and suggestions throughout practice activities
and lead-up games.
• Gradually increase the rate until the skill is performed to the speed required in the
mature form of the activity.
• Stress short practice sessions with frequent breaks, rather than long practice
sessions with few breaks.
• Stress practice sessions and lead-up activities that are performed with small groups
and that require maximum participation.
Advanced stage
• Provide practice sessions that improve form, style and accuracy.
• Provide more qualified coaching techniques, including better skills analysis and
effective motivation devices.
, • When plateaus are reached, encourage the learner to experiment with new ideas or
a change of pace.
• Doggedly continuing without improvement or satisfaction may cause a regression in
skill performance.
• Provide greater variety and more intensity in practice sessions, lead-up activities
and in official sport, dance or gymnastic contents.
Two methods used to teach simple skills?
❖ Imitation
- Athletes must focus on what is to be imitated/copied. They should watch/try it,
remember & practice it.
❖ Demonstration/Exlanation/Practice/Correction:
- Allows for further practice & correction in more detail. Provides information
while practice continues.
Two methods for teaching complex skills:
❖ Shaping method: making an action simpler
❖ Chaining method: breaking the skill into simpler parts. Chain the skill
together. A complex skill is made up of a number of simple, distinct parts. A
part is a link in the chain.
Teaching sports involve 4 steps:
✓ Brief introduction
✓ Precise, clear explanations
✓ Practice time
✓ Feedback
Management throughout the season can be divided into three periods:
Indicate a few management functions during each season
2 Management of three periods
Preseason Management-Review:
• Your coaching philosophy
• Development of your instruction plan for the season
• Staff selection and training
• Player positions
• Scheduling
• Facilities
• Equipment and supplies
• Fiscal management
• Risk management
• Parent orientation programme
In-season management:
o Player supervision
o Maintenance of equipment
o Putting your pre-season plan into action
o Transportation
o Publicity
o First-aid provision
