N \j C L. E JI C ~c 1 Ds pgO C(S CSE S ,
1 1\h~ ~'I\J\lC. \eas
'- Conscd:; ue.nbs \<'\ ',\:oG~cac)r,a\ \J~~ Cm~ ()pA)
I. ~uc.\ea r rnern\o rane - porer- ::;J , l-lOIV'\ i1 -
-~:.11....,11
0
pe..r rnco ble 0 On\~ ·,nner.1ted \)·,a 8-le f'f\q~e.rro\ \,ne.
co
•
l c..on b1 ()OU5 w,th 6e . . . ' Con be used de6err n,ne furn.1\ia\ re)a.c·,ons
z. ~uc\eo ploGrrt - cone-a ·1ns • \lerj G·1rf~\ \ar rnt DDP\ ~-:, c..\ose~ re.\at:ed.
nudeo bides.
3 · t\Juc.\e-o\u<o - mates , ·,t)os,ornol gru~ (rRt\)A).
llib ·, nrer.,ted ~al:,erno\~ ~caus e rntD~~ 6 ·,s
locab:d 06 tne base. o~ bhe Gperrn tad
/• · Chrom abn ne,t \00,k'. - rnoch up oP ch rornos.of1\es. wh,c..h
1B d ·, sc.orde d du.r ,n3 Fere,1\ ,sobon.
~he l'lo\e.c:.u\ es oF liFe f\) u c... \ ~ o b ·,d eG
,.. tJ uc.\e·,c.. ac..·,ds - ~ound ·•n the 0\Jc\edS - A. fuuc \e..ot;·, des o'r DtJA : C. ccr()?°nenl::s)
L. Ot.J~ C Deox3r·1bonuc\e1c. ac,dJ ~ r2. tvA
i. Pe..n6ose c:su9ar - Deo~r-,bose
C r1Po fluc\e1 c oc·,d J.
• DDA ~ gtJA -.--:> jX)\2fners rnade u~ o~ rrone>tners. 2. Pnospha6e
3. t,J',tro_3e<10U1e> b:ise ( A or I o• C or 0J
~ monomer~ ore nuc\eo b·,des .
Locob ·,on oi: OtuR of: IJl)A fY'\O lecule
Ph~phat e
cnrornubn
c~
a t\Juc \ea& -=-1 f'e,tuX) r( -:) c..hrornosoPICl\
Ot0~.
~ G ~ tra _ nuclea r Pf\lf\- -:J (Y'\I l:,oc, honJ ria o~ p\ants
i on\rna\~.
• SC.:,ef't·,sbs d isco\lef ed : Watson 8 (rick'..
•
, A. f.)ouble He Ii x structu re
1e Ouc::.e..r 2. st:rards. l=orrned \o~ chain aF
I chan9'1n3 8Jgar- / ph~rnal:e. l,nKs .
e eun5s of:. bhe ( ladder ) Forff)ed bu POI r5
• o~ oases. \ .J
o Bacies are c:d:;tached bo th: 9-J~, rnJecules.
() f\,o\ec,u\e wrapped aro ur0 h,s. cone.s
C p,c/:;-e.·,ns) •
~ eonde,n se bhe ODA ·,n the nuc\eq5 .
1
4- f=orrn chrof()05Cmes ( b9'nl::I~ co1\ ed \J~A
If- T~pe.s , oP ru·1bro3e nous bases ~
<Str Uc t ures ) .
~
/,• pur·,ne aJen·,ne $' 9uan·, ne ::, 2
~c...\s~s -
B. Chromo somes G-enes
° Chrof'f"\ osomes - cornp::,eed o~ OtJR ~
n,tr°5~ r,ng9 j:,1ned boge.tner· wrapped around h icsbone5 .
P~r·,rn,(J,ne bdses - bhjm',ne) Cjbos:,ne ff urac',\ that
O
0 Gene - short 5 ~.9(Y)en6 of: ODA
=':> I ~1Crogw m''nt onl~ J.,n QfllA Codes fur- d p~o6e1n. -
~rb·, c..u\ar
Pa·, ,·,n s, ➔ R it T C Qf\)AJ or A t lJ C gtJA1, ~ (qrr ·,es - the. code ~ r t;he <o~nbhes.1&
0
9 C Er G C QUA ~ £~A") @1 a::1 of= o pctr b-1 c.u\or p,0~·1n.
held ce:Jelrff o Pro b~. ,ns dewrn·1ne - c.harqct,er·,sc·,cs oF
• .l.fl Dk.)f\ f\ 1Gro3en c us \-uoses
on or3or\,s1 Y1 - (<c,bruc. ture ,r f'.-unct;icn,n3}
6'J l;.)eat h~J,°5e n toonds. s Chro rnoc; ·,n ne.t worr - bon9le.J cnr ornosorn es.
) • Pe,n\:,o::,e. 'Sl.l:flrs = 5 C.. C 5 cor bon alorris) L,,. ce..l\ ·,ce,n t d1\J1d '"3 •
1
C h,o fY" ooo rncs - onl~ \J ics1b\e ·,n div idin9
4 Che.rn·, col ~orrnu\q - C ~ \-\ ,o O e, o
ce\ l .
, ,
Q. 7:i"he
13. Con
I
i ~ Cop~
Cell.
• ~ t0on - codin.9 DtvA
0 Hu("r)on D~A - 2 °16 cedes f:o, probe·,n a
9~ ·1. non- c..od Ing.
0 P,o6e.,n c.od n9 1 re9·1on& (_e,xon&) •
a t0on- codi~ ,e3 ions c·,n brons ').
L► r-or r0 ~u nc.,be, nol. 12l)A rrio Iecules-
(. have. ,e,9ulat,o~ r-un cbons).
, 3 AJt f r o ,- 6 1: r0
Prote.., rs
or:- orn·, no ac·,Jo .jOlr'ed bJ
1 1\h~ ~'I\J\lC. \eas
'- Conscd:; ue.nbs \<'\ ',\:oG~cac)r,a\ \J~~ Cm~ ()pA)
I. ~uc.\ea r rnern\o rane - porer- ::;J , l-lOIV'\ i1 -
-~:.11....,11
0
pe..r rnco ble 0 On\~ ·,nner.1ted \)·,a 8-le f'f\q~e.rro\ \,ne.
co
•
l c..on b1 ()OU5 w,th 6e . . . ' Con be used de6err n,ne furn.1\ia\ re)a.c·,ons
z. ~uc\eo ploGrrt - cone-a ·1ns • \lerj G·1rf~\ \ar rnt DDP\ ~-:, c..\ose~ re.\at:ed.
nudeo bides.
3 · t\Juc.\e-o\u<o - mates , ·,t)os,ornol gru~ (rRt\)A).
llib ·, nrer.,ted ~al:,erno\~ ~caus e rntD~~ 6 ·,s
locab:d 06 tne base. o~ bhe Gperrn tad
/• · Chrom abn ne,t \00,k'. - rnoch up oP ch rornos.of1\es. wh,c..h
1B d ·, sc.orde d du.r ,n3 Fere,1\ ,sobon.
~he l'lo\e.c:.u\ es oF liFe f\) u c... \ ~ o b ·,d eG
,.. tJ uc.\e·,c.. ac..·,ds - ~ound ·•n the 0\Jc\edS - A. fuuc \e..ot;·, des o'r DtJA : C. ccr()?°nenl::s)
L. Ot.J~ C Deox3r·1bonuc\e1c. ac,dJ ~ r2. tvA
i. Pe..n6ose c:su9ar - Deo~r-,bose
C r1Po fluc\e1 c oc·,d J.
• DDA ~ gtJA -.--:> jX)\2fners rnade u~ o~ rrone>tners. 2. Pnospha6e
3. t,J',tro_3e<10U1e> b:ise ( A or I o• C or 0J
~ monomer~ ore nuc\eo b·,des .
Locob ·,on oi: OtuR of: IJl)A fY'\O lecule
Ph~phat e
cnrornubn
c~
a t\Juc \ea& -=-1 f'e,tuX) r( -:) c..hrornosoPICl\
Ot0~.
~ G ~ tra _ nuclea r Pf\lf\- -:J (Y'\I l:,oc, honJ ria o~ p\ants
i on\rna\~.
• SC.:,ef't·,sbs d isco\lef ed : Watson 8 (rick'..
•
, A. f.)ouble He Ii x structu re
1e Ouc::.e..r 2. st:rards. l=orrned \o~ chain aF
I chan9'1n3 8Jgar- / ph~rnal:e. l,nKs .
e eun5s of:. bhe ( ladder ) Forff)ed bu POI r5
• o~ oases. \ .J
o Bacies are c:d:;tached bo th: 9-J~, rnJecules.
() f\,o\ec,u\e wrapped aro ur0 h,s. cone.s
C p,c/:;-e.·,ns) •
~ eonde,n se bhe ODA ·,n the nuc\eq5 .
1
4- f=orrn chrof()05Cmes ( b9'nl::I~ co1\ ed \J~A
If- T~pe.s , oP ru·1bro3e nous bases ~
<Str Uc t ures ) .
~
/,• pur·,ne aJen·,ne $' 9uan·, ne ::, 2
~c...\s~s -
B. Chromo somes G-enes
° Chrof'f"\ osomes - cornp::,eed o~ OtJR ~
n,tr°5~ r,ng9 j:,1ned boge.tner· wrapped around h icsbone5 .
P~r·,rn,(J,ne bdses - bhjm',ne) Cjbos:,ne ff urac',\ that
O
0 Gene - short 5 ~.9(Y)en6 of: ODA
=':> I ~1Crogw m''nt onl~ J.,n QfllA Codes fur- d p~o6e1n. -
~rb·, c..u\ar
Pa·, ,·,n s, ➔ R it T C Qf\)AJ or A t lJ C gtJA1, ~ (qrr ·,es - the. code ~ r t;he <o~nbhes.1&
0
9 C Er G C QUA ~ £~A") @1 a::1 of= o pctr b-1 c.u\or p,0~·1n.
held ce:Jelrff o Pro b~. ,ns dewrn·1ne - c.harqct,er·,sc·,cs oF
• .l.fl Dk.)f\ f\ 1Gro3en c us \-uoses
on or3or\,s1 Y1 - (<c,bruc. ture ,r f'.-unct;icn,n3}
6'J l;.)eat h~J,°5e n toonds. s Chro rnoc; ·,n ne.t worr - bon9le.J cnr ornosorn es.
) • Pe,n\:,o::,e. 'Sl.l:flrs = 5 C.. C 5 cor bon alorris) L,,. ce..l\ ·,ce,n t d1\J1d '"3 •
1
C h,o fY" ooo rncs - onl~ \J ics1b\e ·,n div idin9
4 Che.rn·, col ~orrnu\q - C ~ \-\ ,o O e, o
ce\ l .
, ,
Q. 7:i"he
13. Con
I
i ~ Cop~
Cell.
• ~ t0on - codin.9 DtvA
0 Hu("r)on D~A - 2 °16 cedes f:o, probe·,n a
9~ ·1. non- c..od Ing.
0 P,o6e.,n c.od n9 1 re9·1on& (_e,xon&) •
a t0on- codi~ ,e3 ions c·,n brons ').
L► r-or r0 ~u nc.,be, nol. 12l)A rrio Iecules-
(. have. ,e,9ulat,o~ r-un cbons).
, 3 AJt f r o ,- 6 1: r0
Prote.., rs
or:- orn·, no ac·,Jo .jOlr'ed bJ
