cloning
the production of genetically identical cells, tissues and organisms
Therapeutic cloning: using stem cells for treatment of disease i.e.. for healing
USES: e.g. using stem cells to cultivate
healthy cells to replace damaged
cells in degenerative disease
e.g. Parkinson's, spinal injuries or
growing organs from single cells
ADV: reduce risk of rejection, reduce need
for organ donation
REPRODUCTIVE CLONING: ooo
oooo
ooo ooo implanted in uterus of
oooo
1. Splitting embryos: oooo
ooo surrogate ‘cows’
ooo
oooo
ooo
Uses: to clone livestock with desired traits - disease resistant, milk production.
2. Nuclear transfer: (e.g. dolly the sheep)
1) ‘champion sheep’ - extract a (2n) somatic cell
—> remove nucleus (with the good genes)
2) ‘surrogate sheep’ - take her egg cell
—-> remove nucleus and discard
3) take the 2n nucleus and place it into the empty egg cell case
ooo
4) this ‘zygote’ undergoes mitosis to form an embryo oooo
ooo
5) several embryos are implanted into surrogate mother
6) clones are born with the ‘good genes’ from the original ‘champion’ sheep
SOMATIC CELL NUCLEAR TRANSFER
the production of genetically identical cells, tissues and organisms
Therapeutic cloning: using stem cells for treatment of disease i.e.. for healing
USES: e.g. using stem cells to cultivate
healthy cells to replace damaged
cells in degenerative disease
e.g. Parkinson's, spinal injuries or
growing organs from single cells
ADV: reduce risk of rejection, reduce need
for organ donation
REPRODUCTIVE CLONING: ooo
oooo
ooo ooo implanted in uterus of
oooo
1. Splitting embryos: oooo
ooo surrogate ‘cows’
ooo
oooo
ooo
Uses: to clone livestock with desired traits - disease resistant, milk production.
2. Nuclear transfer: (e.g. dolly the sheep)
1) ‘champion sheep’ - extract a (2n) somatic cell
—> remove nucleus (with the good genes)
2) ‘surrogate sheep’ - take her egg cell
—-> remove nucleus and discard
3) take the 2n nucleus and place it into the empty egg cell case
ooo
4) this ‘zygote’ undergoes mitosis to form an embryo oooo
ooo
5) several embryos are implanted into surrogate mother
6) clones are born with the ‘good genes’ from the original ‘champion’ sheep
SOMATIC CELL NUCLEAR TRANSFER
