PATHO CHAPTERS REVIEW.

PATHO CHAPTERS REVIEW.PATHO CHAPTERS REVIEW. Chapter 1 Introduction to Pathophysiology What Is Pathophysiology and Why Study It? Pathophysiology involves the study of functional or physiologic changes in the body that result from disease processes. Pathophysiology includes some aspects of pathology, the laboratory study of cell and tissue changes associated with disease. Understanding Health and Disease Homeostasis is the maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment regardless of external changes. Disease develops when significant changes occur in the body, leading to a state in which homeostasis cannot be maintained without intervention. Se v en Ste p s to He a lth 1. Be a nonsmoker and avoid second-hand smoke. 2. Eat 5 to 10 servings of vegetables and fruit a day. Choose high-fiber, lower-fat foods. If you drink alcohol, limit your intake to one to two drinks a day. 3. Be physically active on a regular basis. This will also help you to maintain a healthy body weight. 4. Protect yourself and your family from the sun. 5. Follow cancer screening guidelines. 6. Visit your doctor or dentist if you notice any change in your normal state of health. 7. Follow health and safety instructions at home and at work when using, storing, and disposing of hazardous materials. The Disease Process • Diagnosis refers to the identification of a specific disease through evaluation of signs and symptoms, laboratory tests or other tools. • Etiology concerns the causative factors in a particular disease. Etiology-Causes of Disease • When the cause of a disease is unknown, it is termed idiopathic. • A treatment, a procedure, or an error may cause a disease, which is then described as iatrogenic. • Predisposing factors encompass the tendencies that promote development of a disease in an individual. A predisposing factor indicates a high risk for the disease but not certain development. • A prophylaxis is a measure designed to preserve health (as of an individual or society) and prevent the spread of disease. • Prevention of disease is closely linked to etiology and predisposing factors for a specific disease. Characteristics of Disease • Pathogenesis refers to the development of the disease or the sequence of events involved in the tissue changes related to the specific disease process.