NSG 552 Psychopharmacology 2027 Exam 1 Test Questions and
Verified Answers (Graded A+)
Question 1.
First-generation antipsychotic
Correct Answer: - first developed in the 1950s, first available treatment for
psychosis - aka typical antipsychotics - increased risk for EPS, Tardive
dyskinesia - d2 blocker - Currently 11 FDA-approved and commerically
available FGAs - Most common differences between individual FGAs are their
potency and side effects - examples include Thorazine (chlorpromazine),
Haldol (haloperidol), Prolixin (fluphenazine), perphenazine (Trilafon
Question 2.
Second-generation antipsychotic
Correct Answer: - examples include Abilify (aripiprazole), Seroquel
(quetiapine), Zyprexa (olanzapine), Risperdal (risperidone), Clozaril
(clozapine) - lower risk of EPS symptoms compared to 1st gen - higher risk of
metabolic side effects - serotonin-dopamine receptor antagonists - AKA
atypical antipsychotics
Question 3.
EPS
Correct Answer: Involuntary movements that occur as a side effect to certina
medications. AKA drug induced movement disorder. May include tardive
dyskinesia, dystonic reactions, parkinsons-like symptoms, akathesia, NMD,
akinesia - Can be acute or chronic - related to suppression of D2 dopamine
receptors in the nigrostriatal pathway
Question 4.
Tardive dyskinesia
Correct Answer: - characterized by involuntary movments in the face and body
- often induced by long-term use of anitpsychotic drugs - can be associated
with use of other medication types (antidepressants, lithium, antihistamines)
- more common with 1st gen antipsychotics - movements may include:
writhing, mouth puckering, tongue rolling, lip smacking, pill rolling, tongue
protrusion
Question 5.
Upregulation
Correct Answer: Refers to the activiation of the nervous system. Is the process
by which a cell increases its response to a subtance or signal from outside the
,cell to carry out a specific response
Question 6.
downregulation
Correct Answer: Refers to state of calm/relation within nervous system.
Characterized by a decreased response by a cell to a molecule or
neurotransmitter.
• Receptor Profiles -✓✓FGA - Primarily D2 antagonism. Also antagonize M2,
H1, and a1 receptors SGA - 5-HT2A & D2 antagonism. Rapid D2 dissociation.
5HT2A agonism. Also antagonizes M2, H1, 5HT2C, and a1 receptors
Question 7.
Binding
Correct Answer: When a neurotransmitter binds to a receptor on a receiving
cell, it causes ion channels to open or close.
Question 8.
Affinity
Correct Answer: The property of a drug that describes its ability to bind to a
receptor Constant Unique for each drug-receptor pair as it is dependent on
each of their structures
Question 9.
CYP450
Correct Answer: - membrane-bound hemoproteins that play a pivotal role in
the detoxification of xenobiotics, cellular metabolism, and homeostatis
-Inhibitition or induction of CYP enzymes is a major mechanism underlying
drug-drug interactions - A CYP450 inhibitor prevents or reduces work by
CYP450 enzymes = decreased drug metabolism and increased risk for toxicity
- A CYP450 inducer increases rate of hepatic metabolism = decreased serum
concentation of other drugs metabolized by the same hepatic isoenzyme
Grapefruit juice is an inhibtior, which can increase serum levels of certain
drugs
Question 10.
Dopamine Pathways
Correct Answer: - mesolimbic (positive sx) - mesocortical (negative sx) -
nigrostriatal (EPS) - tuberoinfundibular (prolactin)
, Question 11.
Metabolic Syndrome
Correct Answer: cluster of conditions that incerase risk for T2DM and
cardiovascular disease (obesity, HTN, high triglycerides, low HDL, insulin
resistance) -increased risk for metabolic syndrome found with some
antipsychotic medications, primarily SGA
Question 12.
High Potency vs Low Potency
Correct Answer: High potency: higher risk for EPS/hyperprolactinemia.
Effective at lower doses. Haldol, risperdal, prolixin, olanzapine Low potency:
more sedating with more anticholinergic symptoms. Thorazine, seroquel,
clozaril, geodon
Question 13.
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)
Correct Answer: - Life threatening - occur with use of dopamine receptor
antagonists or when dopaminergic medidcation are suddenly withdrawn - sx
usually begin within 2 wks of starting a new med or changing dose. -
Characterized by fever, AMS, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfuncton -
Dantrolene sodium is FDA approved to treat. Muscle relaxant that reduces
hyperthermia/muscle stiffness
• QTC interval -✓✓-measurement of the left ventricle's repolarization
efficiency on ECG. - usually 350-450 (men), 360-460 (women) -associated with
life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias -antipsychotic and antidepressant drugs
can prolong QT intervals, some more than others
Question 14.
The study of the use of psychotropic medications in the treatment of psychiatric
disorders:
Correct Answer: Psychopharmacology
Question 15.
The study of what the body does to drugs:
Correct Answer: Pharmacokinetics
Question 16.
The study of what drugs do to the body:
Correct Answer: Pharmacodynamics
Verified Answers (Graded A+)
Question 1.
First-generation antipsychotic
Correct Answer: - first developed in the 1950s, first available treatment for
psychosis - aka typical antipsychotics - increased risk for EPS, Tardive
dyskinesia - d2 blocker - Currently 11 FDA-approved and commerically
available FGAs - Most common differences between individual FGAs are their
potency and side effects - examples include Thorazine (chlorpromazine),
Haldol (haloperidol), Prolixin (fluphenazine), perphenazine (Trilafon
Question 2.
Second-generation antipsychotic
Correct Answer: - examples include Abilify (aripiprazole), Seroquel
(quetiapine), Zyprexa (olanzapine), Risperdal (risperidone), Clozaril
(clozapine) - lower risk of EPS symptoms compared to 1st gen - higher risk of
metabolic side effects - serotonin-dopamine receptor antagonists - AKA
atypical antipsychotics
Question 3.
EPS
Correct Answer: Involuntary movements that occur as a side effect to certina
medications. AKA drug induced movement disorder. May include tardive
dyskinesia, dystonic reactions, parkinsons-like symptoms, akathesia, NMD,
akinesia - Can be acute or chronic - related to suppression of D2 dopamine
receptors in the nigrostriatal pathway
Question 4.
Tardive dyskinesia
Correct Answer: - characterized by involuntary movments in the face and body
- often induced by long-term use of anitpsychotic drugs - can be associated
with use of other medication types (antidepressants, lithium, antihistamines)
- more common with 1st gen antipsychotics - movements may include:
writhing, mouth puckering, tongue rolling, lip smacking, pill rolling, tongue
protrusion
Question 5.
Upregulation
Correct Answer: Refers to the activiation of the nervous system. Is the process
by which a cell increases its response to a subtance or signal from outside the
,cell to carry out a specific response
Question 6.
downregulation
Correct Answer: Refers to state of calm/relation within nervous system.
Characterized by a decreased response by a cell to a molecule or
neurotransmitter.
• Receptor Profiles -✓✓FGA - Primarily D2 antagonism. Also antagonize M2,
H1, and a1 receptors SGA - 5-HT2A & D2 antagonism. Rapid D2 dissociation.
5HT2A agonism. Also antagonizes M2, H1, 5HT2C, and a1 receptors
Question 7.
Binding
Correct Answer: When a neurotransmitter binds to a receptor on a receiving
cell, it causes ion channels to open or close.
Question 8.
Affinity
Correct Answer: The property of a drug that describes its ability to bind to a
receptor Constant Unique for each drug-receptor pair as it is dependent on
each of their structures
Question 9.
CYP450
Correct Answer: - membrane-bound hemoproteins that play a pivotal role in
the detoxification of xenobiotics, cellular metabolism, and homeostatis
-Inhibitition or induction of CYP enzymes is a major mechanism underlying
drug-drug interactions - A CYP450 inhibitor prevents or reduces work by
CYP450 enzymes = decreased drug metabolism and increased risk for toxicity
- A CYP450 inducer increases rate of hepatic metabolism = decreased serum
concentation of other drugs metabolized by the same hepatic isoenzyme
Grapefruit juice is an inhibtior, which can increase serum levels of certain
drugs
Question 10.
Dopamine Pathways
Correct Answer: - mesolimbic (positive sx) - mesocortical (negative sx) -
nigrostriatal (EPS) - tuberoinfundibular (prolactin)
, Question 11.
Metabolic Syndrome
Correct Answer: cluster of conditions that incerase risk for T2DM and
cardiovascular disease (obesity, HTN, high triglycerides, low HDL, insulin
resistance) -increased risk for metabolic syndrome found with some
antipsychotic medications, primarily SGA
Question 12.
High Potency vs Low Potency
Correct Answer: High potency: higher risk for EPS/hyperprolactinemia.
Effective at lower doses. Haldol, risperdal, prolixin, olanzapine Low potency:
more sedating with more anticholinergic symptoms. Thorazine, seroquel,
clozaril, geodon
Question 13.
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)
Correct Answer: - Life threatening - occur with use of dopamine receptor
antagonists or when dopaminergic medidcation are suddenly withdrawn - sx
usually begin within 2 wks of starting a new med or changing dose. -
Characterized by fever, AMS, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfuncton -
Dantrolene sodium is FDA approved to treat. Muscle relaxant that reduces
hyperthermia/muscle stiffness
• QTC interval -✓✓-measurement of the left ventricle's repolarization
efficiency on ECG. - usually 350-450 (men), 360-460 (women) -associated with
life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias -antipsychotic and antidepressant drugs
can prolong QT intervals, some more than others
Question 14.
The study of the use of psychotropic medications in the treatment of psychiatric
disorders:
Correct Answer: Psychopharmacology
Question 15.
The study of what the body does to drugs:
Correct Answer: Pharmacokinetics
Question 16.
The study of what drugs do to the body:
Correct Answer: Pharmacodynamics
