NR 507 MIDTERM ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
◉ Hypersensitivity: Type 2
Answer: Type 2: Cytotoxic reaction; tissue specific (ex: thyroid tissue)
Macrophages are the primary effectors cells involved
Can cause tissue damage or alter function
Grave's disease (hyperthyroidism) - example of altering thyroid function, but does not destroy thyroid
tissue
,Incompatible blood type- example of cell/tissue damage that occurs; severe transfusion reaction
occurs and the transfused erythrocytes are destroyed by agglutination or complement-mediated lysis.
◉ Type 1 Hypersensitivity VS. Type 2 Hypersensitivity
Answer: Type 1 Hypersensitivity
Organ Specific
Antibody binds to the antigen on the cell surface
Type 2 Hypersensitivity
Not Organ Specific
Antibody binds to the soluble antigen outside the cell surface that was released into the blood or body
fluids, and the complex is then deposited in the tissues
◉ Hypersensitivity: Type 3 - Examples
Answer: Rheumatoid arthritis: Antigen/antibodies are deposited in the joints
, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)- very closely related to autoimmunity- antigen/antibodies
deposit in organs that cause tissue damage
◉ Hypersensitivity: Type 4
Answer: Delayed response
Does not involve antigen/antibody complexes like Types 1, 2 and 3
Is T-cell mediated
◉ Differentiating Between the Rash of a Type 1 vs. Type 4 Reaction:
Answer: Type 1: Immediate hypersensitivity reactions, termed atopic dermatitis, are usually
characterized by widely distributed lesions
Type 4: Contact dermatitis (delayed hypersensitivity) consists of lesions only at the site of contact
with the allergen
COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
◉ Hypersensitivity: Type 2
Answer: Type 2: Cytotoxic reaction; tissue specific (ex: thyroid tissue)
Macrophages are the primary effectors cells involved
Can cause tissue damage or alter function
Grave's disease (hyperthyroidism) - example of altering thyroid function, but does not destroy thyroid
tissue
,Incompatible blood type- example of cell/tissue damage that occurs; severe transfusion reaction
occurs and the transfused erythrocytes are destroyed by agglutination or complement-mediated lysis.
◉ Type 1 Hypersensitivity VS. Type 2 Hypersensitivity
Answer: Type 1 Hypersensitivity
Organ Specific
Antibody binds to the antigen on the cell surface
Type 2 Hypersensitivity
Not Organ Specific
Antibody binds to the soluble antigen outside the cell surface that was released into the blood or body
fluids, and the complex is then deposited in the tissues
◉ Hypersensitivity: Type 3 - Examples
Answer: Rheumatoid arthritis: Antigen/antibodies are deposited in the joints
, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)- very closely related to autoimmunity- antigen/antibodies
deposit in organs that cause tissue damage
◉ Hypersensitivity: Type 4
Answer: Delayed response
Does not involve antigen/antibody complexes like Types 1, 2 and 3
Is T-cell mediated
◉ Differentiating Between the Rash of a Type 1 vs. Type 4 Reaction:
Answer: Type 1: Immediate hypersensitivity reactions, termed atopic dermatitis, are usually
characterized by widely distributed lesions
Type 4: Contact dermatitis (delayed hypersensitivity) consists of lesions only at the site of contact
with the allergen
