NR605 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY
EXAM 2 PREPARATION QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS 2026/2027 UPDATE ||
100% GUARANTEED PASS
1. A patient with heart failure is prescribed lisinopril. Which electrolyte abnormality should
the nurse practitioner monitor most closely?
A. Hyponatremia
B. Hypermagnesemia
C. Hypocalcemia
D. Hyperkalemia
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: ACE inhibitors like lisinopril can cause potassium retention by
inhibiting aldosterone secretion, leading to hyperkalemia.
2. Which medication is considered the first-line therapy for a patient with newly diagnosed
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, provided there are no contraindications?
A. Glipizide
B. Metformin
C. Pioglitazone
,D. Sitagliptin
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Metformin is the first-line medication for T2DM due to its
efficacy, safety profile, and lack of hypoglycemia risk.
3. A patient taking warfarin for atrial fibrillation has an INR of 5.5 but no active bleeding.
What is the most appropriate next step?
A. Administer 10mg IV Vitamin K
B. Administer Prothrombin Complex Concentrate (PCC)
C. Hold warfarin and monitor closely
D. Increase the warfarin dose
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: For an INR between 4.5 and 10 without bleeding, the
recommendation is typically to hold warfarin and monitor rather than aggressive reversal.
4. Which class of diuretics is most likely to cause hypercalcemia?
A. Loop diuretics
B. Potassium-sparing diuretics
C. Thiazide diuretics
D. Osmotic diuretics
, Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Thiazide diuretics increase renal calcium reabsorption,
potentially leading to hypercalcemia, unlike loop diuretics which cause calcium excretion.
5. A patient is started on amiodarone for ventricular arrhythmia. Which organ system
requires baseline and periodic monitoring due to potential toxicity?
A. Pulmonary system
B. Gastrointestinal system
C. Renal system
D. Musculoskeletal system
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Amiodarone can cause serious pulmonary fibrosis, requiring
baseline and periodic chest X-rays and pulmonary function tests.
6. Which mechanism of action describes how SGLT2 inhibitors like empagliflozin lower blood
glucose?
A. Inhibiting glucose reabsorption in the proximal renal tubule
B. Decreasing hepatic glucose production
C. Increasing insulin secretion from the pancreas
D. Delaying carbohydrate absorption in the gut
Answer: A
EXAM 2 PREPARATION QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS 2026/2027 UPDATE ||
100% GUARANTEED PASS
1. A patient with heart failure is prescribed lisinopril. Which electrolyte abnormality should
the nurse practitioner monitor most closely?
A. Hyponatremia
B. Hypermagnesemia
C. Hypocalcemia
D. Hyperkalemia
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: ACE inhibitors like lisinopril can cause potassium retention by
inhibiting aldosterone secretion, leading to hyperkalemia.
2. Which medication is considered the first-line therapy for a patient with newly diagnosed
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, provided there are no contraindications?
A. Glipizide
B. Metformin
C. Pioglitazone
,D. Sitagliptin
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Metformin is the first-line medication for T2DM due to its
efficacy, safety profile, and lack of hypoglycemia risk.
3. A patient taking warfarin for atrial fibrillation has an INR of 5.5 but no active bleeding.
What is the most appropriate next step?
A. Administer 10mg IV Vitamin K
B. Administer Prothrombin Complex Concentrate (PCC)
C. Hold warfarin and monitor closely
D. Increase the warfarin dose
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: For an INR between 4.5 and 10 without bleeding, the
recommendation is typically to hold warfarin and monitor rather than aggressive reversal.
4. Which class of diuretics is most likely to cause hypercalcemia?
A. Loop diuretics
B. Potassium-sparing diuretics
C. Thiazide diuretics
D. Osmotic diuretics
, Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Thiazide diuretics increase renal calcium reabsorption,
potentially leading to hypercalcemia, unlike loop diuretics which cause calcium excretion.
5. A patient is started on amiodarone for ventricular arrhythmia. Which organ system
requires baseline and periodic monitoring due to potential toxicity?
A. Pulmonary system
B. Gastrointestinal system
C. Renal system
D. Musculoskeletal system
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Amiodarone can cause serious pulmonary fibrosis, requiring
baseline and periodic chest X-rays and pulmonary function tests.
6. Which mechanism of action describes how SGLT2 inhibitors like empagliflozin lower blood
glucose?
A. Inhibiting glucose reabsorption in the proximal renal tubule
B. Decreasing hepatic glucose production
C. Increasing insulin secretion from the pancreas
D. Delaying carbohydrate absorption in the gut
Answer: A
