NR 566 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY
COMPREHENSIVE EXAM QUESTIONS
AND VERIFIED ANSWERS | 100%
CORRECT | GRADE A+
1. A 65-year-old patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) Stage 3 is diagnosed with
hypertension. Which medication class is most likely to provide renoprotection but requires
close monitoring of serum potassium and creatinine?
A. Thiazide diuretics
B. ACE inhibitors
C. Calcium channel blockers
D. Beta-blockers
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: ACE inhibitors (and ARBs) are renoprotective in CKD patients,
particularly those with proteinuria, but can cause hyperkalemia and a transient rise in
creatinine due to efferent arteriole vasodilation.
2. Which of the following is a significant Black Box Warning for all Fluoroquinolones?
A. Aplastic anemia
,B. Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
C. Tendon rupture and tendonitis
D. Hepatotoxicity
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Fluoroquinolones carry a black box warning for tendonitis and
tendon rupture, as well as peripheral neuropathy and CNS effects.
3. In the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes, which medication class functions by inhibiting the
SGLT2 transporter in the kidneys to increase glucose excretion?
A. SGLT2 inhibitors
B. GLP-1 receptor agonists
C. DPP-4 inhibitors
D. Sulfonylureas
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: SGLT2 inhibitors (e.g., Empagliflozin) lower blood glucose by
preventing glucose reabsorption in the proximal tubule of the kidney.
4. A patient is prescribed Warfarin for atrial fibrillation. Which of the following lab values is
the primary indicator of the drug’s therapeutic effect?
A. aPTT
B. Platelet count
, C. INR
D. BUN
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: The International Normalized Ratio (INR) is used to monitor the
effectiveness of Warfarin therapy, typically targeting a range of 2.0 to 3.0.
5. Which antiarrhythmic agent is known for potentially causing pulmonary fibrosis, thyroid
dysfunction, and blue-grey skin discoloration?
A. Digoxin
B. Amiodarone
C. Lidocaine
D. Procainamide
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Amiodarone has a very long half-life and significant toxicities
involving the lungs, thyroid, liver, and skin.
6. Metformin should be temporarily discontinued before and 48 hours after a radiological
procedure involving IV contrast to prevent which complication?
A. Hypoglycemia
B. Rhabdomyolysis
C. Acute liver failure
COMPREHENSIVE EXAM QUESTIONS
AND VERIFIED ANSWERS | 100%
CORRECT | GRADE A+
1. A 65-year-old patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) Stage 3 is diagnosed with
hypertension. Which medication class is most likely to provide renoprotection but requires
close monitoring of serum potassium and creatinine?
A. Thiazide diuretics
B. ACE inhibitors
C. Calcium channel blockers
D. Beta-blockers
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: ACE inhibitors (and ARBs) are renoprotective in CKD patients,
particularly those with proteinuria, but can cause hyperkalemia and a transient rise in
creatinine due to efferent arteriole vasodilation.
2. Which of the following is a significant Black Box Warning for all Fluoroquinolones?
A. Aplastic anemia
,B. Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
C. Tendon rupture and tendonitis
D. Hepatotoxicity
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Fluoroquinolones carry a black box warning for tendonitis and
tendon rupture, as well as peripheral neuropathy and CNS effects.
3. In the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes, which medication class functions by inhibiting the
SGLT2 transporter in the kidneys to increase glucose excretion?
A. SGLT2 inhibitors
B. GLP-1 receptor agonists
C. DPP-4 inhibitors
D. Sulfonylureas
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: SGLT2 inhibitors (e.g., Empagliflozin) lower blood glucose by
preventing glucose reabsorption in the proximal tubule of the kidney.
4. A patient is prescribed Warfarin for atrial fibrillation. Which of the following lab values is
the primary indicator of the drug’s therapeutic effect?
A. aPTT
B. Platelet count
, C. INR
D. BUN
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: The International Normalized Ratio (INR) is used to monitor the
effectiveness of Warfarin therapy, typically targeting a range of 2.0 to 3.0.
5. Which antiarrhythmic agent is known for potentially causing pulmonary fibrosis, thyroid
dysfunction, and blue-grey skin discoloration?
A. Digoxin
B. Amiodarone
C. Lidocaine
D. Procainamide
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Amiodarone has a very long half-life and significant toxicities
involving the lungs, thyroid, liver, and skin.
6. Metformin should be temporarily discontinued before and 48 hours after a radiological
procedure involving IV contrast to prevent which complication?
A. Hypoglycemia
B. Rhabdomyolysis
C. Acute liver failure
