NR 566 EXAM 2 - ADVANCED
PHARMACOLOGY COMPREHENSIVE
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS |
100% CORRECT | GRADE A+
1. Which mechanism explains why ACE inhibitors often cause a persistent, dry cough in
patients?
A. Inhibition of renin release
B. Direct irritation of the bronchial mucosa
C. Accumulation of bradykinin in the lungs
D. Increased production of angiotensin II
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: ACE inhibitors prevent the breakdown of bradykinin, leading to
its accumulation in the respiratory tract, which triggers the cough reflex.
2. A patient with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF) is being switched from
an ACE inhibitor to Sacubitril/Valsartan (Entresto). What is the mandatory washout period?
A. 12 hours
B. 36 hours
C. 24 hours
,D. 48 hours
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: A 36-hour washout period is required when switching from an
ACE inhibitor to an ARNI to minimize the risk of angioedema.
3. Which of the following diuretics is most likely to cause hyperuricemia and potentially
trigger a gout attack?
A. Furosemide
B. Spironolactone
C. Triamterene
D. Hydrochlorothiazide
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Thiazide diuretics like hydrochlorothiazide compete with uric
acid for excretion in the kidneys, leading to elevated serum uric acid levels.
4. A patient is prescribed Amiodarone for atrial fibrillation. Which baseline and periodic
monitoring is essential due to the drug’s side effect profile?
A. Serum calcium and magnesium
B. Complete blood count and Vitamin B12 levels
C. Pulmonary function tests and Thyroid stimulating hormone
D. Renal ultrasound and urine culture
, Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Amiodarone can cause pulmonary toxicity (fibrosis) and thyroid
dysfunction (hypo- or hyperthyroidism) due to its high iodine content.
5. Which class of medications is the first-line treatment for a patient with Type 2 Diabetes
and established Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD)?
A. DPP-4 inhibitors
B. Sulfonylureas
C. GLP-1 receptor agonists with proven CVD benefit
D. Thiazolidinediones
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Current guidelines recommend GLP-1 receptor agonists (or
SGLT2 inhibitors) for patients with established ASCVD regardless of baseline A1C.
6. What is the primary mechanism of action of Ezetimibe?
A. Inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase
B. Inhibition of cholesterol absorption at the brush border of the small intestine
C. Activation of PPAR-alpha
D. Degradation of LDL receptors
Answer: B
PHARMACOLOGY COMPREHENSIVE
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS |
100% CORRECT | GRADE A+
1. Which mechanism explains why ACE inhibitors often cause a persistent, dry cough in
patients?
A. Inhibition of renin release
B. Direct irritation of the bronchial mucosa
C. Accumulation of bradykinin in the lungs
D. Increased production of angiotensin II
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: ACE inhibitors prevent the breakdown of bradykinin, leading to
its accumulation in the respiratory tract, which triggers the cough reflex.
2. A patient with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF) is being switched from
an ACE inhibitor to Sacubitril/Valsartan (Entresto). What is the mandatory washout period?
A. 12 hours
B. 36 hours
C. 24 hours
,D. 48 hours
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: A 36-hour washout period is required when switching from an
ACE inhibitor to an ARNI to minimize the risk of angioedema.
3. Which of the following diuretics is most likely to cause hyperuricemia and potentially
trigger a gout attack?
A. Furosemide
B. Spironolactone
C. Triamterene
D. Hydrochlorothiazide
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Thiazide diuretics like hydrochlorothiazide compete with uric
acid for excretion in the kidneys, leading to elevated serum uric acid levels.
4. A patient is prescribed Amiodarone for atrial fibrillation. Which baseline and periodic
monitoring is essential due to the drug’s side effect profile?
A. Serum calcium and magnesium
B. Complete blood count and Vitamin B12 levels
C. Pulmonary function tests and Thyroid stimulating hormone
D. Renal ultrasound and urine culture
, Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Amiodarone can cause pulmonary toxicity (fibrosis) and thyroid
dysfunction (hypo- or hyperthyroidism) due to its high iodine content.
5. Which class of medications is the first-line treatment for a patient with Type 2 Diabetes
and established Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD)?
A. DPP-4 inhibitors
B. Sulfonylureas
C. GLP-1 receptor agonists with proven CVD benefit
D. Thiazolidinediones
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Current guidelines recommend GLP-1 receptor agonists (or
SGLT2 inhibitors) for patients with established ASCVD regardless of baseline A1C.
6. What is the primary mechanism of action of Ezetimibe?
A. Inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase
B. Inhibition of cholesterol absorption at the brush border of the small intestine
C. Activation of PPAR-alpha
D. Degradation of LDL receptors
Answer: B
