HESI Pathophysiology Practice Exam Questions and Correct Answers – Comprehensive Study Guide, Exam Review & Nursing Preparation

HESIHESI
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
PRACTICE
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HESI PATHOPHYSIOLOGY PRACTICE
EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS GRADE A+

As the prostate gland enlarges, its cells contribute more PSA in the circulating blood




PSA is a glycoprotein found in prostatic epithelial cells, and elevations are used as a
specific tumor markers. Elevations in PSA are r/t gland volume, ie. benign BPH,
prostatitis, and cancer of the prostate, indicating tumor cell load. PSA levels are also
used to monitor response to therapy

After talking w/ the HCP, a male pt continues to have questions about the results of a
prostatic surface antigen (PSA) screening test and asks the nurse how the PSA levels
become elevated. The nurse should explain which pathophysiological mechanism?




Permanent sterility occurs in the male client who receive radiation




Low sperm count and loss of motility are seen in males w/ Hodgkin's disease b/f any
therapy. Radiotherapy often results in permanent aspermia, or sterility

A 26 yr old male client w/ Hodgkin's disease is scheduled to undergo radiation therapy.
The clinet expresses concern about the effect of radiation on his ability to have children.
What info should the nurse provide?


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Crackles in the right and left lower lobes




Fine crackles - short, high-pitched sounds heard just b/f the end of inspiration that are
the result of rapid equalization of pressure when collaped alveoli or terminal bronchioles
suddenly snap open




Wheezing is a continuous high-pitched squeaking or musical sound caused by rapid
vibration of bronchial walls that are 1st evident on expiration and may be audible

The nurse hears short, high-pitched sounds just b/f the end of inspiration in the right and
left lower lobes when auscultating a client's lungs. How should this finding be recorded?




A deviation of the trachea toward the side opposite of the pneumothorax




Tension pneumothorax is caused by rapid accumulation of air in the pleural space,
causing severely high intrapleural pressure. This results in collapse of the lung, and the
mediastinum shifts toward the unaffected side, which is subsequently compressed

A client is admitted to the ER w/ a tension pneumothorax. Which assessment should the
nurse expect to ID?


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A febrile transfusion reaction




Sx of a febrile reaction include sudden chills, fever, HA, flushing, and muscle pain.




An allergic rxn is the response of histamine release which is characterized by flushing,
itching, and urticaria. It exhibits an exaggerated allergic response that progresses to
shock and possible cardiac arrest




an acute hemolytic reaction presents w/ fever, chills, but is hallmarked by the onset of
low back pain, tachycardia, tachypnea, vascular collapse, hemoglobinuria, dark urine,
ARF, shock, cardiac arrest, and even death

A client who is receiving a whole blood transfusion dv's chills, fever, and a HA 30 min
after the transfusion is started. The nurse shold recognize these sx as characteristic of
what rxn?




QRS interval of 0.14 second




the normal duration of the QRS is 0.04 - 0.12 sec

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