NURSING PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM
REVIEW QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
◉ How do you know the kidneys are working? Answer: putting out
urine
◉ What is the best indicator of renal function? Answer: GFR mL/min
normal: 125
<60 is ALARMING
◉ What is the diagnosis for all renal disorders? Answer: history &
physical exam
◉ What is Wilm's tumor? Answer: pediatric tumor; rare cancer of the
kidney; usually just one tumor, but it gets big
◉ How much cardiac output do the kidneys receive? Answer: 25% of all
cardiac output
This means that whenever there is a deficit in cardiac output, the kidneys
are greatly affected.
◉ Why do some people develop osteoporosis when in renal failure?
Answer: Because they cannot convert Vitamin D, which helps us absorb
calcium. Without calcium, our bones become brittle. Calcium released
b/c of parathyroid hormone.
, ◉ How do kidneys aid in acid/base regulation? Answer: They secrete
HCO3- (bicarb) which is a base; however, kidneys react slowly
compared to the lungs.
◉ How do the kidneys and ADH affect the body? Answer: ADH causes
the kidneys to reabsorb (keep) water and put it back into the
bloodstream
◉ How do the kidneys and Aldosterone affect the body? Answer:
Aldosterone causes the kidneys to reabsorb water & sodium and put it
back into the bloodstream.
Increase volume and BP.
◉ How do the kidneys and the Renin-Angiotensin system affect the
body? Answer: Renin is produced and released by the kidneys, causes
the conversion of Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II (conversion in lungs).
Angiotensin II is a POTENT VASOCONSTRICTOR - causes the
blood vessels to constrict.
Increase volume and BP.
◉ What is the normal daily urine output? Answer: ~1,500 mL
30 mL / hour
bladder can hold 500 mL
uncomfortable around 150 mL
◉ What do the kidneys excrete? Answer: metabolic waste and drug
excretion: ammonia, urea, uric acid, K+, anything we have too much of.
REVIEW QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
◉ How do you know the kidneys are working? Answer: putting out
urine
◉ What is the best indicator of renal function? Answer: GFR mL/min
normal: 125
<60 is ALARMING
◉ What is the diagnosis for all renal disorders? Answer: history &
physical exam
◉ What is Wilm's tumor? Answer: pediatric tumor; rare cancer of the
kidney; usually just one tumor, but it gets big
◉ How much cardiac output do the kidneys receive? Answer: 25% of all
cardiac output
This means that whenever there is a deficit in cardiac output, the kidneys
are greatly affected.
◉ Why do some people develop osteoporosis when in renal failure?
Answer: Because they cannot convert Vitamin D, which helps us absorb
calcium. Without calcium, our bones become brittle. Calcium released
b/c of parathyroid hormone.
, ◉ How do kidneys aid in acid/base regulation? Answer: They secrete
HCO3- (bicarb) which is a base; however, kidneys react slowly
compared to the lungs.
◉ How do the kidneys and ADH affect the body? Answer: ADH causes
the kidneys to reabsorb (keep) water and put it back into the
bloodstream
◉ How do the kidneys and Aldosterone affect the body? Answer:
Aldosterone causes the kidneys to reabsorb water & sodium and put it
back into the bloodstream.
Increase volume and BP.
◉ How do the kidneys and the Renin-Angiotensin system affect the
body? Answer: Renin is produced and released by the kidneys, causes
the conversion of Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II (conversion in lungs).
Angiotensin II is a POTENT VASOCONSTRICTOR - causes the
blood vessels to constrict.
Increase volume and BP.
◉ What is the normal daily urine output? Answer: ~1,500 mL
30 mL / hour
bladder can hold 500 mL
uncomfortable around 150 mL
◉ What do the kidneys excrete? Answer: metabolic waste and drug
excretion: ammonia, urea, uric acid, K+, anything we have too much of.
