NURSING PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2026
PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND EXAM
PREPARATION
◉ Which of these is an example of compensatory hypertrophy?
A. When the body increases its major organs during times of
malnutrition
B. When one kidney is removed, the remaining kidney enlarges to
compensate for the loss
C. When muscle mas increases during athletic training
D. When the heart enlarges in heart failure to be better able to pump
blood to organs. Answer: B. When one kidney is removed, the
remaining kidney enlarges to compensate for the loss
◉ Which of the following best describes the cellular adaptation seen in
chronic cigarette smokers?
A. Atrophy
B. Hypertrophy
C. Hyperplasia
D. Metaplasia
E. Dysplasia. Answer: D. Metaplasia
Rationale: As cells are damaged, a hardier version replaces the normal
strata of cells.
◉ Dystrophic calcification can result from prolonged ischemia
, Is the following statement true or false?. Answer: True
Ischemia stresses the tissue, it dies, and calcium precipitates out of
solution.
◉ Which of the following can result in membrane damage?
A. Inactivation of Na+/K+ ATPase
B. Oxidation of phospholipid
C. Ischemic activation of Ca2+-regulated protease
D. All the above
E. None of the above. Answer: D. All the above
Rationale: Each of these can result in membrane damage
◉ Abnormal lipid accumulation in the brain and tissue as a result of
Tay- Sachs disease is an example of what?
A. Intracellular accumulation
B. Pathological Calcification
C. Metaplasia
D. Hyperplasia. Answer: A. Intracellular accumulation
◉ When cells are programmed to die, this process is referred to as:
A. Necrosis
B. Apoptosis
C. Ischemia
D. Hypoxia. Answer: A. Apoptosis
PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND EXAM
PREPARATION
◉ Which of these is an example of compensatory hypertrophy?
A. When the body increases its major organs during times of
malnutrition
B. When one kidney is removed, the remaining kidney enlarges to
compensate for the loss
C. When muscle mas increases during athletic training
D. When the heart enlarges in heart failure to be better able to pump
blood to organs. Answer: B. When one kidney is removed, the
remaining kidney enlarges to compensate for the loss
◉ Which of the following best describes the cellular adaptation seen in
chronic cigarette smokers?
A. Atrophy
B. Hypertrophy
C. Hyperplasia
D. Metaplasia
E. Dysplasia. Answer: D. Metaplasia
Rationale: As cells are damaged, a hardier version replaces the normal
strata of cells.
◉ Dystrophic calcification can result from prolonged ischemia
, Is the following statement true or false?. Answer: True
Ischemia stresses the tissue, it dies, and calcium precipitates out of
solution.
◉ Which of the following can result in membrane damage?
A. Inactivation of Na+/K+ ATPase
B. Oxidation of phospholipid
C. Ischemic activation of Ca2+-regulated protease
D. All the above
E. None of the above. Answer: D. All the above
Rationale: Each of these can result in membrane damage
◉ Abnormal lipid accumulation in the brain and tissue as a result of
Tay- Sachs disease is an example of what?
A. Intracellular accumulation
B. Pathological Calcification
C. Metaplasia
D. Hyperplasia. Answer: A. Intracellular accumulation
◉ When cells are programmed to die, this process is referred to as:
A. Necrosis
B. Apoptosis
C. Ischemia
D. Hypoxia. Answer: A. Apoptosis
