Summary
Summary History Grade 11 & 12 Notes - Civil Resistance in SA 1980s
cohesive history notes from New generation & Answer Series. Notes of an A student. In line with SAGS document of 2021.
[Show more]
Connected book
Book Title:
Author(s):
- Edition:
- ISBN:
- Edition:
Content preview
SANJANA VINODCRISIS OF APARTHEID IN THE 1980s
Introduction
● P.W Botha- defence minister of John Voster
● 1978- succeeded J.V as prime minister of SA (remained as defence minister)
● Continued strengthening SA army
● Apartheid weakened during this time- internal & external pressure.
○ Internal: violence in townships, falling economy + increase in strikes
○ External: international sanctions
● Developments during this time- collapse and dismantling apartheid.
Total Onslaught & Total Strategy
● Botha- SA needed to counter Communists ( total onslaught) with ‘total
strategy’ (policy of counter attacks at all levels by all means)
● Total Strategy (1978-1989) and used:
○ Military
○ Police + secret police
○ Legislation
○ Propaganda + Censorship
○ Economy + education
● Military- involved a lot in helping anti-communist forces ( helped UNITA in
Angola).
● National Party (NP)- strengthened
Governments attempt- reform apartheid
● Black people- resist the repressive system:
○ They were important part of labour force
○ They were ignoring ‘pass laws’- moving to cities instead of homelands
○ Government- take action to maintain order in cities.
● White opposition members- Helen Suzman- pressured to abolish apartheid.
● Conservative members of NP - against ‘reforms’.
● ‘Afrikaner Broederbond’- secret society- advance the interests of the Afrikaans
people + keep apartheid in place. ( Botha and other leaders- part of it)
● Botha- please those who demanded change + those- apartheid to continue -
two-pronged strategy of limited reforms and more repression.
, SANJANA VINOD
Botha’s Reforms (1980-1986)
1. Legalisation of Black TU - in 1979 - it would play an important role in
improving industrial relations.
2. Increased expenditure on Black education - 1981- followed by a gradual
equalisation of expenditure on all education.
3. Passing of Black Authorities Act - 1982- amended the Urban Bantu Act + gave
Black urban communities- elect own councillors.
4. Passing of Republic of South Africa Constitution Act (1983) & resulting in the
Tricameral Parliament (1984) - Coloured and Indian- vote for government
ministers.
5. Abolishment of job reservations - 1984 - reserving jobs- limit economic
growth.
6. Abolishment of the Immorality and Prohibition of Mixed Marriages
Amendment Act - 1985- mixed raced people - get married + sexual
relationship.
7. The Reservation of Public Amenities Act was relaxed - public facilities were
gradually desegregated.
8. Private schools were desegregated -1985- Black, Indian and Colured people
could send their kids to fee-paying schools. (Publicly-funded schools were still
segregated- 1980s)
9. Pass Laws repealed -1986- no restriction of movement but Group Areas Act
remained so residential areas- segregated.
● These reforms:
○ increased security measures- stop resistance.
○ Win support of black middle class
○ Appeasewestern powers- apartheid look less racist
● The reforms were superficial - met with growing resistance + gov responded
with increased repression.
Contradictions of Aprtheid Emerge:
● By late 1970s- clear apartheid policies- holding back economy.
● Contradictions in the system: creation of homelands, labour laws + pass
systems.
● Homelands could not support themselves economically:
○ Economically and politically linked to SA
○ Cost of maintain them- too expensive
● One of the central contradictions- segregation + control of labour. Cities
needed African workers but their presence was limited through pass laws.
These measures- difficult for permanent skilled labour force.
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through EFT, credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying this summary from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller sanjanavinod. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy this summary for R120,00. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
85443 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy summaries for 14 years now