NR 601 Final Exam Prep Test Bank
Primary Care 2026/2027 – Questions &
Answers with Detailed Rationales
Guaranteed pass (GRADED A+)
Question 1
A 58-year-old patient with type 2 diabetes presents for a routine
follow-up visit. Which laboratory test provides the best
assessment of long-term glycemic control?
A. Fasting blood glucose
B. Random blood glucose
C. Oral glucose tolerance test
D. Hemoglobin A1C
Answer: D. Hemoglobin A1C
Rationale: Hemoglobin A1C reflects average blood glucose
levels over approximately 2–3 months and is the preferred test
for monitoring long-term glycemic control in patients with
diabetes.
Question 2
Which antihypertensive medication class is recommended as
first-line therapy for patients with diabetes and albuminuria?
A. Beta-blockers
B. Calcium channel blockers
,C. ACE inhibitors
D. Alpha-blockers
Answer: C. ACE inhibitors
Rationale: ACE inhibitors provide renal protection and reduce
progression of diabetic nephropathy while effectively lowering
blood pressure.
Question 3
A patient presents with symptoms of hypothyroidism. Which
finding is most commonly associated with this condition?
A. Weight loss
B. Heat intolerance
C. Tachycardia
D. Fatigue and cold intolerance
Answer: D. Fatigue and cold intolerance
Rationale: Hypothyroidism slows metabolic processes, leading
to fatigue, cold intolerance, weight gain, constipation, and dry
skin.
Question 4
Which screening test is recommended for colorectal cancer in
average-risk adults beginning at age 45?
A. PSA testing
B. Colonoscopy
C. Mammography
D. Chest radiography
,Answer: B. Colonoscopy
Rationale: Current guidelines recommend colorectal cancer
screening beginning at age 45 for average-risk adults.
Colonoscopy is one of the preferred screening methods.
Question 5
A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
reports worsening dyspnea. Which intervention has the greatest
impact on slowing disease progression?
A. Inhaled corticosteroids
B. Oxygen therapy
C. Smoking cessation
D. Pulmonary rehabilitation
Answer: C. Smoking cessation
Rationale: Smoking cessation is the most effective intervention
for slowing COPD progression and improving long-term
outcomes.
Question 6
Which vaccine is routinely recommended annually for all adults
unless contraindicated?
A. Pneumococcal vaccine
B. Influenza vaccine
C. Shingles vaccine
D. Hepatitis B vaccine
Answer: B. Influenza vaccine
, Rationale: Annual influenza vaccination is recommended for
nearly all individuals aged 6 months and older to reduce
morbidity and mortality associated with influenza infection.
Question 7
A 67-year-old woman is diagnosed with osteoporosis. Which
medication is commonly considered first-line pharmacologic
therapy?
A. Prednisone
B. Alendronate
C. Levothyroxine
D. Metformin
Answer: B. Alendronate
Rationale: Bisphosphonates such as alendronate are first-line
agents for osteoporosis treatment because they reduce fracture
risk and increase bone density.
Question 8
Which finding is most concerning in a patient presenting with
acute chest pain?
A. Reproducible pain with palpation
B. Pain relieved by position change
C. ST-segment elevation on ECG
D. Mild anxiety
Answer: C. ST-segment elevation on ECG
Primary Care 2026/2027 – Questions &
Answers with Detailed Rationales
Guaranteed pass (GRADED A+)
Question 1
A 58-year-old patient with type 2 diabetes presents for a routine
follow-up visit. Which laboratory test provides the best
assessment of long-term glycemic control?
A. Fasting blood glucose
B. Random blood glucose
C. Oral glucose tolerance test
D. Hemoglobin A1C
Answer: D. Hemoglobin A1C
Rationale: Hemoglobin A1C reflects average blood glucose
levels over approximately 2–3 months and is the preferred test
for monitoring long-term glycemic control in patients with
diabetes.
Question 2
Which antihypertensive medication class is recommended as
first-line therapy for patients with diabetes and albuminuria?
A. Beta-blockers
B. Calcium channel blockers
,C. ACE inhibitors
D. Alpha-blockers
Answer: C. ACE inhibitors
Rationale: ACE inhibitors provide renal protection and reduce
progression of diabetic nephropathy while effectively lowering
blood pressure.
Question 3
A patient presents with symptoms of hypothyroidism. Which
finding is most commonly associated with this condition?
A. Weight loss
B. Heat intolerance
C. Tachycardia
D. Fatigue and cold intolerance
Answer: D. Fatigue and cold intolerance
Rationale: Hypothyroidism slows metabolic processes, leading
to fatigue, cold intolerance, weight gain, constipation, and dry
skin.
Question 4
Which screening test is recommended for colorectal cancer in
average-risk adults beginning at age 45?
A. PSA testing
B. Colonoscopy
C. Mammography
D. Chest radiography
,Answer: B. Colonoscopy
Rationale: Current guidelines recommend colorectal cancer
screening beginning at age 45 for average-risk adults.
Colonoscopy is one of the preferred screening methods.
Question 5
A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
reports worsening dyspnea. Which intervention has the greatest
impact on slowing disease progression?
A. Inhaled corticosteroids
B. Oxygen therapy
C. Smoking cessation
D. Pulmonary rehabilitation
Answer: C. Smoking cessation
Rationale: Smoking cessation is the most effective intervention
for slowing COPD progression and improving long-term
outcomes.
Question 6
Which vaccine is routinely recommended annually for all adults
unless contraindicated?
A. Pneumococcal vaccine
B. Influenza vaccine
C. Shingles vaccine
D. Hepatitis B vaccine
Answer: B. Influenza vaccine
, Rationale: Annual influenza vaccination is recommended for
nearly all individuals aged 6 months and older to reduce
morbidity and mortality associated with influenza infection.
Question 7
A 67-year-old woman is diagnosed with osteoporosis. Which
medication is commonly considered first-line pharmacologic
therapy?
A. Prednisone
B. Alendronate
C. Levothyroxine
D. Metformin
Answer: B. Alendronate
Rationale: Bisphosphonates such as alendronate are first-line
agents for osteoporosis treatment because they reduce fracture
risk and increase bone density.
Question 8
Which finding is most concerning in a patient presenting with
acute chest pain?
A. Reproducible pain with palpation
B. Pain relieved by position change
C. ST-segment elevation on ECG
D. Mild anxiety
Answer: C. ST-segment elevation on ECG
