NURS 5220 - ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 TEST
BANK CHALLENGE QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS |
GURANTEED A+
1. Which cellular adaptation occurs when the ciliated columnar epithelial cells of the
bronchial lining are replaced by stratified squamous epithelial cells due to chronic irritation
from smoking?
A. Hyperplasia
B. Atrophy
C. Dysplasia
D. Metaplasia
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Metaplasia is the reversible replacement of one mature cell type
by another, often less differentiated, cell type to withstand adverse environmental
conditions.
2. In the context of cellular injury, what is the primary mechanism of injury caused by carbon
monoxide poisoning?
A. Free radical formation
,B. Direct toxic effect on the liver
C. Reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of hemoglobin
D. Mechanical disruption of the plasma membrane
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Carbon monoxide has a much higher affinity for hemoglobin
than oxygen, leading to carboxyhemoglobin formation and systemic hypoxia.
3. A 50-year-old male with chronic hypertension experiences an increase in the size of
myocardial cells. This is an example of:
A. Pathologic hypertrophy
B. Pathologic hyperplasia
C. Physiologic hypertrophy
D. Compensatory hyperplasia
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Hypertrophy in the heart due to hypertension is a pathologic
adaptation to increased workload, resulting in increased protein synthesis and organelle
size.
4. Which process involves the programmed cell death characterized by the activation of
caspases without an inflammatory response?
A. Autolysis
, B. Necrosis
C. Apoptosis
D. Pyoptoses
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Apoptosis is a distinct type of cell death that is genetically
programmed and does not typically trigger inflammation, unlike necrosis.
5. The presence of Kupffer cells in the liver represents which component of the body’s
defense system?
A. Humoral immunity
B. Mononuclear phagocyte system
C. Adaptive immunity
D. Complement cascade
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Kupffer cells are specialized macrophages located in the liver
and are part of the mononuclear phagocyte system.
6. A patient presents with a serum sodium level of 120 mEq/L. Which clinical manifestation is
most concerning due to potential cerebral edema?
A. Hypotension
B. Tachycardia
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 TEST
BANK CHALLENGE QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS |
GURANTEED A+
1. Which cellular adaptation occurs when the ciliated columnar epithelial cells of the
bronchial lining are replaced by stratified squamous epithelial cells due to chronic irritation
from smoking?
A. Hyperplasia
B. Atrophy
C. Dysplasia
D. Metaplasia
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Metaplasia is the reversible replacement of one mature cell type
by another, often less differentiated, cell type to withstand adverse environmental
conditions.
2. In the context of cellular injury, what is the primary mechanism of injury caused by carbon
monoxide poisoning?
A. Free radical formation
,B. Direct toxic effect on the liver
C. Reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of hemoglobin
D. Mechanical disruption of the plasma membrane
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Carbon monoxide has a much higher affinity for hemoglobin
than oxygen, leading to carboxyhemoglobin formation and systemic hypoxia.
3. A 50-year-old male with chronic hypertension experiences an increase in the size of
myocardial cells. This is an example of:
A. Pathologic hypertrophy
B. Pathologic hyperplasia
C. Physiologic hypertrophy
D. Compensatory hyperplasia
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Hypertrophy in the heart due to hypertension is a pathologic
adaptation to increased workload, resulting in increased protein synthesis and organelle
size.
4. Which process involves the programmed cell death characterized by the activation of
caspases without an inflammatory response?
A. Autolysis
, B. Necrosis
C. Apoptosis
D. Pyoptoses
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Apoptosis is a distinct type of cell death that is genetically
programmed and does not typically trigger inflammation, unlike necrosis.
5. The presence of Kupffer cells in the liver represents which component of the body’s
defense system?
A. Humoral immunity
B. Mononuclear phagocyte system
C. Adaptive immunity
D. Complement cascade
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Kupffer cells are specialized macrophages located in the liver
and are part of the mononuclear phagocyte system.
6. A patient presents with a serum sodium level of 120 mEq/L. Which clinical manifestation is
most concerning due to potential cerebral edema?
A. Hypotension
B. Tachycardia
