NR601 /NR 601 Midterm Exam Questions with Verified Answers
(Correct Update)
Question 1: What is the preferred amount of exercise for elderly?
Answer: 30min/day 5 days/wk of moderate exercise. If trying to lose wt: 60min/day.
Question 2: What is normal FEV1/FVC ratio?
Answer: <0.7 (70%)
Question 3: What is GOLD 1 criteria?
Answer: Mild FEV1 >/= 80% predicted
Question 4: What is GOLD 2 criteria?
Answer: Moderate FEV1 50-79% predicted
Question 5: What is GOLD 3 criteria?
Answer: Severe FEV1 30-49% predicted
Question 6: What is GOLD 4 criteria?
Answer: Very severe FEV1 <30% predicted
Question 7: What are the signal symptoms of COPD?
Answer: Dyspnea Chronic cough w/sputum Decreased activity tolerance Wheezing
Question 8: What are characteristics of COPD?
Answer: Common, preventable, treatable. Characterized by persistent airflow limitation. Usually
progressive, associated with enhanced chronic inflammatory response in airways and lungs to
noxious particles/gases Airway fibrosis, luminal plugs, airway inflammation, increased airway
resistance, small airway dz. Decreased elastic recoil of alveoli.
Question 9: What are risk factors for COPD?
Answer: Smoking (increasing w/number of pack years) Second hand smoke Environmental
pollution (endotoxins, coal dust, mineral dust)
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, Question 10: What is seen on phys exam in COPD?
Answer: May be normal in early states As severity progresses: lung hyperinflation, decreased
breath sounds, wheezes at bases, distant heart tones (b/c of hyperinflation, so S1/S2 sounds off in
distance), accessory muscle use, pursed lip breathing, increased expiratory phase, neck vein
distention.
Question 11: How is COPD diagnosed?
Answer: Spirometry is gold standard (pre and post bronchodilator). Irreversible airflow limitation
is hallmark.
Question 12: How is COPD treated?
Answer: Bronchodilators: beta agonists (long/short), anticholinergics (long/short), or combo.
Question 13: What is the MOA of beta agonists?
Answer: Stimulates beta-2-adrenergic receptors, increasing cyclic AMP, resulting in relaxing
airways.
Question 14: What is the MOA of anticholinergics?
Answer: Block the effect of acetylcholine on muscarinic type 3 receptors, resulting in
bronchodilation.
Question 15: Why are long-acting beta agonists prescribed for COPD?
Answer: They are for moderate airflow limitation. They relieve symptoms, increase exercise
tolerance, reduce number of exacerbations, improve QOL.
Question 16: What are some non pulmonary diagnoses that result in COPD-type symptoms?
Answer: CHF Hyperventilation syndrome Panic attacks Vocal cord dysfunction Obstructive
sleep apnea Aspergillosis Chronic fatigue syndrome
Question 17: What are signal symptoms of asthma?
Answer: Wheezing Shortness of breath Cough (esp at night) Chest tightness
Question 18: What is chronic bronchitis?
Answer: Daily chronic cough w/increased sputum for at least 3 consecutive months in at least 2
consecutive years. Usually worse on wakening. May or may not be associated with COPD.
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(Correct Update)
Question 1: What is the preferred amount of exercise for elderly?
Answer: 30min/day 5 days/wk of moderate exercise. If trying to lose wt: 60min/day.
Question 2: What is normal FEV1/FVC ratio?
Answer: <0.7 (70%)
Question 3: What is GOLD 1 criteria?
Answer: Mild FEV1 >/= 80% predicted
Question 4: What is GOLD 2 criteria?
Answer: Moderate FEV1 50-79% predicted
Question 5: What is GOLD 3 criteria?
Answer: Severe FEV1 30-49% predicted
Question 6: What is GOLD 4 criteria?
Answer: Very severe FEV1 <30% predicted
Question 7: What are the signal symptoms of COPD?
Answer: Dyspnea Chronic cough w/sputum Decreased activity tolerance Wheezing
Question 8: What are characteristics of COPD?
Answer: Common, preventable, treatable. Characterized by persistent airflow limitation. Usually
progressive, associated with enhanced chronic inflammatory response in airways and lungs to
noxious particles/gases Airway fibrosis, luminal plugs, airway inflammation, increased airway
resistance, small airway dz. Decreased elastic recoil of alveoli.
Question 9: What are risk factors for COPD?
Answer: Smoking (increasing w/number of pack years) Second hand smoke Environmental
pollution (endotoxins, coal dust, mineral dust)
Page 1
, Question 10: What is seen on phys exam in COPD?
Answer: May be normal in early states As severity progresses: lung hyperinflation, decreased
breath sounds, wheezes at bases, distant heart tones (b/c of hyperinflation, so S1/S2 sounds off in
distance), accessory muscle use, pursed lip breathing, increased expiratory phase, neck vein
distention.
Question 11: How is COPD diagnosed?
Answer: Spirometry is gold standard (pre and post bronchodilator). Irreversible airflow limitation
is hallmark.
Question 12: How is COPD treated?
Answer: Bronchodilators: beta agonists (long/short), anticholinergics (long/short), or combo.
Question 13: What is the MOA of beta agonists?
Answer: Stimulates beta-2-adrenergic receptors, increasing cyclic AMP, resulting in relaxing
airways.
Question 14: What is the MOA of anticholinergics?
Answer: Block the effect of acetylcholine on muscarinic type 3 receptors, resulting in
bronchodilation.
Question 15: Why are long-acting beta agonists prescribed for COPD?
Answer: They are for moderate airflow limitation. They relieve symptoms, increase exercise
tolerance, reduce number of exacerbations, improve QOL.
Question 16: What are some non pulmonary diagnoses that result in COPD-type symptoms?
Answer: CHF Hyperventilation syndrome Panic attacks Vocal cord dysfunction Obstructive
sleep apnea Aspergillosis Chronic fatigue syndrome
Question 17: What are signal symptoms of asthma?
Answer: Wheezing Shortness of breath Cough (esp at night) Chest tightness
Question 18: What is chronic bronchitis?
Answer: Daily chronic cough w/increased sputum for at least 3 consecutive months in at least 2
consecutive years. Usually worse on wakening. May or may not be associated with COPD.
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