BIOD 101 FINAL EXAM
COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW 2026/2027
QUESTIONS & VERIFIED ANSWERS (A+
GUARANTEE)
1. Which of the following best describes the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum in
a eukaryotic cell?
A. Synthesis of proteins intended for the plasma membrane.
B. Modification and sorting of proteins for secretion.
C. Synthesis of lipids and detoxification of metabolic byproducts.
D. Production of ribosomal RNA within the nucleolus.
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) is primarily involved
in lipid synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, and the detoxification of drugs and poisons.
2. During the process of cellular respiration, which molecule acts as the final electron
acceptor in the electron transport chain?
A. NAD+
B. Pyruvate
C. Water
,D. Oxygen
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Oxygen is the final electron acceptor in the aerobic electron
transport chain, combining with electrons and hydrogen ions to form water.
3. In DNA replication, which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the double helix at the
replication fork?
A. DNA Polymerase III
B. Helicase
C. Topoisomerase
D. Primase
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Helicase breaks the hydrogen bonds between the nitrogenous
bases to separate the two strands of DNA for replication.
4. Which level of protein structure is characterized by the formation of alpha-helices and
beta-pleated sheets through hydrogen bonding?
A. Primary structure
B. Secondary structure
C. Tertiary structure
D. Quaternary structure
, Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Secondary structure results from hydrogen bonds between the
backbone components of the amino acids, forming spirals or folds.
5. A cell with 20 chromosomes undergoes mitosis. How many chromosomes will each
daughter cell possess?
A. 10
B. 40
C. 20
D. 5
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Mitosis is an equational division; the daughter cells maintain the
same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
6. Which of the following is a primary difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
A. Prokaryotes lack a plasma membrane.
B. Eukaryotes lack ribosomes.
C. Eukaryotes do not contain DNA.
D. Prokaryotes lack membrane-bound organelles.
Answer: D
COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW 2026/2027
QUESTIONS & VERIFIED ANSWERS (A+
GUARANTEE)
1. Which of the following best describes the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum in
a eukaryotic cell?
A. Synthesis of proteins intended for the plasma membrane.
B. Modification and sorting of proteins for secretion.
C. Synthesis of lipids and detoxification of metabolic byproducts.
D. Production of ribosomal RNA within the nucleolus.
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) is primarily involved
in lipid synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, and the detoxification of drugs and poisons.
2. During the process of cellular respiration, which molecule acts as the final electron
acceptor in the electron transport chain?
A. NAD+
B. Pyruvate
C. Water
,D. Oxygen
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Oxygen is the final electron acceptor in the aerobic electron
transport chain, combining with electrons and hydrogen ions to form water.
3. In DNA replication, which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the double helix at the
replication fork?
A. DNA Polymerase III
B. Helicase
C. Topoisomerase
D. Primase
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Helicase breaks the hydrogen bonds between the nitrogenous
bases to separate the two strands of DNA for replication.
4. Which level of protein structure is characterized by the formation of alpha-helices and
beta-pleated sheets through hydrogen bonding?
A. Primary structure
B. Secondary structure
C. Tertiary structure
D. Quaternary structure
, Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Secondary structure results from hydrogen bonds between the
backbone components of the amino acids, forming spirals or folds.
5. A cell with 20 chromosomes undergoes mitosis. How many chromosomes will each
daughter cell possess?
A. 10
B. 40
C. 20
D. 5
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Mitosis is an equational division; the daughter cells maintain the
same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
6. Which of the following is a primary difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
A. Prokaryotes lack a plasma membrane.
B. Eukaryotes lack ribosomes.
C. Eukaryotes do not contain DNA.
D. Prokaryotes lack membrane-bound organelles.
Answer: D
