APEX Questions and complete answers

APEX Questions and complete answersbt bt bt bt




Match each type of pneumocyte with its role in the lung.
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Type I bt


Type II bt


Type III Type I-provides surface for gas exchange
bt bt bt bt bt bt bt


Type II-promotes immunity
bt bt


Type III-produces surfactant
bt bt


Match each upper airway dilator muscle to the structure it primarily controls.
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Genioglossus-
Tensor palatine- bt


Hyoid- Genioglossus-tongue
tensor palatine-soft palate
bt bt


hyoid-epiglottis
As the airways divide to form the tracheobronchial tree, which statement is false?
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a. Aiflow velocity decreases
bt bt bt


b. Airway smooth muscle increases
bt bt bt bt


c. Cartilaginous support decreases
bt bt bt


d. Mucus production increases
bt d. mucus production increases
bt bt bt bt bt


Compared to the mainstem bronchi, which statements BEST describe the terminal bronchi
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(select 2):
bt bt




a. Airflow velocity is reduced
bt bt bt bt


b. There is more cartilage
bt bt bt bt


c. Cross-sectional area is greater
bt bt bt bt


d. There are more goblet cells
bt bt A and C bt bt bt bt bt


Select the ONLY intrinsic larngeal muscle that is innervated by the superior laryngeal nerve.
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a. lateral cricoarytenoid
bt bt


b. cricothyroid
bt


c. thyroarytenoid
bt


d. posterior cricoarytenoid b. cricothryoid
bt bt bt


Which nerve serves as the afferent limb of the laryngospasm reflex?
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a. recurrent laryngeal
bt bt bt


b. glossopharyngeal
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c. superior larnygeal external branch
bt bt bt bt


d. superior laryngeal internal branch d. superior laryngeal internal branch
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Match the anatomical area with the nerve that provides its sensory innervation.
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mucus membrane above the VC
bt bt bt bt


oropharynx and posterior tongue bt bt bt

,APEX Questions and complete answers bt bt bt bt




mucus lining of nasopharynx
bt bt bt


mucus membrane above the VC
bt bt bt bt




answer choices: glossopharyngeal, trigeminal, recurrent laryngeal, superior laryngeal
bt bt bt bt bt bt bt mucus
membrane above the VC-recurrent laryngeal
bt bt bt bt bt


oropharynx and posterior tongue-glossopharnygealbt bt bt


mucus lining of nasopharynx-trigeminal
bt bt bt


mucus membrane above the VC-superior laryngeal
bt bt bt bt bt


Match the intrinsic muscle of the larynx with its action on the VC.
bt bt bt bt bt bt bt bt bt bt bt bt bt




cricothyroid-
aryepiglottic-
posterior cricoarytenoid- bt


lateral cricoarytenoid-cricothyroid-tenses VC
bt bt


aryepiglottic-closes laryngeal vestibule bt bt


posterior cricoarytenoid-abducts VCbt bt


lateral cricoarytenoid-adducts VC
bt bt


Match the laryngeal cartilage with its unique characteristic.
bt bt bt bt bt bt bt bt




Blocks glottis when larynx elevates during swallowing
bt bt bt bt bt bt


Provides major protection for laryngeal components
bt bt bt bt bt


Largely responsible for vocal cord function
bt bt bt bt bt


The only non-expandable structure in the larynx Blocks glottis when larynx elevates during
bt bt bt bt bt bt bt bt bt bt bt


swallowing-epiglottis
bt


Provides major protection for laryngeal components-thyroid
bt bt bt bt bt


Largely responsible for vocal cord function-arytenoids
bt bt bt bt bt


The only non-expandable structure in the larynx-cricoid
bt bt bt bt bt bt


Which nerve is blocked by injecting local anesthetic at the inferior border of the greater cornu
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of the hyoid bone?
bt bt bt bt




SLN
Glossopharyngeal
Recurrent laryngeal bt


Lingual SLN
Which data points are needed to calculate the A-a gradient? Select 4.
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a. PETCO2
bt


b. FiO2
bt


c. PaO2
bt


d. Hgb
bt


e. PaCO2
bt

, APEX Questions and complete answers bt bt bt bt




f. SaO2
bt


g. Ambient pressure
bt bt


h. body mass a. PETCO2
bt bt bt


d. Hgbbt


e.PaCO2
f. SaO2
bt


Match the condition with its effect on alveolar or anatomic dead space.
bt bt bt bt bt bt bt bt bt bt bt bt




High cardiac output
bt bt


Artificial airway bt


Head extension bt


High PEEP High cardiac output-increases alveolar dead space
bt bt bt bt bt bt


Artifical airway-decreases anatomic dead space
bt bt bt bt


Head extension-Increases anatomic dead space
bt bt bt bt


High PEEP-decreases alveolar dead space
bt bt bt bt


Which of the following increases FRC?
bt bt bt bt bt




a. neuromuscular blockade
bt bt


b. pulmonary edema
bt bt


c. trendelenburg position
bt bt


d. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease d. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
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Select the statement that MOST accurately describes V/Q mismatch in the overinflated alveoli.
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bt




a. a V/Q ratio of infinity indicates a shunt unit.
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b. a dead space alveolus can transfer relatively more CO2 than O2
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c. bronchial dilation reduces dead space.
bt bt bt bt bt bt


d. CO2 retention tends to occur before hypoxemia b. a dead space alveolus can transfer
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relatively more CO2 than O2
bt bt bt bt bt




double check this answer***
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Which of the following corresponse to the amount of gas that can be forcibly exhaled after a
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tidal exhalation?
bt bt




a. expiratory reserve volume
bt bt bt


b. residual volume
bt bt


c. FRC
bt


d. vital capacity
bt a. expiratory reserve volume
bt bt bt bt


The MOST potent stimulus of the central respiratory chemoreceptor is a /an:
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a. elevated CO2
bt bt


b. metabolic acidosis
bt bt