Nurs 6202 Adults 2 Exam 5 (Final!!) Questions
with Verified Correct Answers
What are the different classifications of fractures?
1.
Closed (simple)
or
Open (Compound - breaks through the skin)
2.
Incomplete (only partially broken)
or
Complete (fully in two pieces)
3.
Displaced (broken bone shifts)
or
Non-displaced (fracture remains in proper position)
4. Comminuted (broken into 3 or more places)
5.
Traumatic (caused by force)
or
Pathologic (caused by disease)
,6. Anatomic Location
- Intra-articular or Extre-articular
- Proximal, mid-shaft, or distal
What are the different types of fractures?
Transverse = Perpendicular to the bone’s long axis
Spiral = Twists around the bone
- fracture that occurs from twisting motion
Greenstick = Incomplete fractures - occurs on one side (cortex) but does not extend
completely through the bone
Comminuted = Bone is fragmented (broken into 3 or more pieces)
Oblique = Fracture runs at an angle to the bones long axis
Pathologic = Occurs to bone that is weak from a disease process
Ex: Osteosarcoma or osteoporosis
Stress = Hairline crack in bone
Results when excessive string occurs from recreational and athletic activities
Impacted = Broken ends of the bone are driven (wedged) into each other
Compression = Vertebrae collapse and become compressed (often into wedge shape)
What fracture is most common with child abuse?
Spiral Fracture
What fracture is most common among children?
,Greenstick
What are s/s of a fracture?
- Edema
- Swelling
- Pain
- Muscle spasm
- Deformity
- Ecchymosis
- Loss of function
- Crepitation
What are steps to fracture healing?
1. Hematoma formation: 2-3 days
- Place splints and not cast to prevent compartment syndrome
2. Granulation tissue (basis for new born): 3-14 days
- Cast is placed
3. Callus formation: 2 weeks
4. Ossifies: 3 weeks to 6 months
- Cast is removed
5. Remodeling (callus reabsorbs): Months for complete healing
, 6. Gradual weight bearing over time
What assessment is completed for fractures?
5 P’s of fracture assessment: for ANY PATIENT - acute, cast, boot, splint
Pain
Pulselessness
Pallor
Paresthesia
Paralysis
CMS (Neurovascular) Checks:
Circulation (color): Distal pulses, Temp and CRT
Motion (mobility): ROM distal to fracture, muscle spasms
Sensation (neurological injury): Pain and/or acute tenderness, loss of sensation to body parts
What is the reduction of fractures?
Open = Surgical
Closed = Manual manipulation ☹️
Traction = Immobilization
What are the different types of reduction traction of fractures?
1. Pulling force
2. Casts
with Verified Correct Answers
What are the different classifications of fractures?
1.
Closed (simple)
or
Open (Compound - breaks through the skin)
2.
Incomplete (only partially broken)
or
Complete (fully in two pieces)
3.
Displaced (broken bone shifts)
or
Non-displaced (fracture remains in proper position)
4. Comminuted (broken into 3 or more places)
5.
Traumatic (caused by force)
or
Pathologic (caused by disease)
,6. Anatomic Location
- Intra-articular or Extre-articular
- Proximal, mid-shaft, or distal
What are the different types of fractures?
Transverse = Perpendicular to the bone’s long axis
Spiral = Twists around the bone
- fracture that occurs from twisting motion
Greenstick = Incomplete fractures - occurs on one side (cortex) but does not extend
completely through the bone
Comminuted = Bone is fragmented (broken into 3 or more pieces)
Oblique = Fracture runs at an angle to the bones long axis
Pathologic = Occurs to bone that is weak from a disease process
Ex: Osteosarcoma or osteoporosis
Stress = Hairline crack in bone
Results when excessive string occurs from recreational and athletic activities
Impacted = Broken ends of the bone are driven (wedged) into each other
Compression = Vertebrae collapse and become compressed (often into wedge shape)
What fracture is most common with child abuse?
Spiral Fracture
What fracture is most common among children?
,Greenstick
What are s/s of a fracture?
- Edema
- Swelling
- Pain
- Muscle spasm
- Deformity
- Ecchymosis
- Loss of function
- Crepitation
What are steps to fracture healing?
1. Hematoma formation: 2-3 days
- Place splints and not cast to prevent compartment syndrome
2. Granulation tissue (basis for new born): 3-14 days
- Cast is placed
3. Callus formation: 2 weeks
4. Ossifies: 3 weeks to 6 months
- Cast is removed
5. Remodeling (callus reabsorbs): Months for complete healing
, 6. Gradual weight bearing over time
What assessment is completed for fractures?
5 P’s of fracture assessment: for ANY PATIENT - acute, cast, boot, splint
Pain
Pulselessness
Pallor
Paresthesia
Paralysis
CMS (Neurovascular) Checks:
Circulation (color): Distal pulses, Temp and CRT
Motion (mobility): ROM distal to fracture, muscle spasms
Sensation (neurological injury): Pain and/or acute tenderness, loss of sensation to body parts
What is the reduction of fractures?
Open = Surgical
Closed = Manual manipulation ☹️
Traction = Immobilization
What are the different types of reduction traction of fractures?
1. Pulling force
2. Casts
