Summary Nucleic acids and protein synthesis

Nucleic acids and Protein
Synthesis
Nucleic Structure
 Individual nucleotides are made up of:
 A pentose sugar of which there are 2 types
 Ribose and deoxyribose
 A phosphate group
 A nitrogenous base
 The bases can be divides onto 5 groups
 Pyrimidines  made up of a single 6-sided ring (C, T, U)
 Purines  made up of a 6-sided ring joined to a 5-sided ring (A, G)
 The pentose sugar, phosphate group and organic base are combined as a result of
condensation reactions given to a mononucleotide
 2 mononucleotides can combine (condensation reaction)
 Pentose sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphodiester group of another
nucleotide
 The strong covalent bond is called a phosphodiester bond. the new structure is
called a dinucleotide
 Continual linking results in polynucleotides
DNA is synthesised in the 51 to 31 direction
 Nucleotides are added to the 31 end